Lubrication Fundamentals, Revised and Expanded THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND EXPANDED

Careful selection of the right lubricant(s) is required to keep a machine running smoothly. Lubrication Fundamentals, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded describes the need and design for the many specialized oils and greases used to lubricate machine elements and builds on the tribology and lubrication basics discussed in previous editions. Utilizing knowledge from leading experts in the field, the third edition covers new lubrication requirements, crude oil composition and selection, base stock manufacture, lubricant formulation and evaluation, machinery and lubrication fundamentals, and environmental stewardship. The book combines lubrication theory with practical knowledge, and provides many useful illustrations to highlight key industrial, commercial, marine, aviation, and automotive lubricant applications and concepts. All previous edition chapters have been updated to include new technologies, applications, and specifications that have been introduced in the past 15 years. What’s New in the Third Edition: Adds three new chapters on the growing renewable energy application of wind turbines, the impact of lubricants on energy efficiency, and best practice guidelines on establishing an in-service lubricant analysis program Updates API, SAE, and ACEA engine oil specifications, descriptions of new engine oil tests, impact of engine and fuel technology trends on engine oil Includes the latest environmental lubricant tests, definitions, and labelling programs Compiles expert information from ExxonMobil publications and the foremost international equipment builders and industry associations Covers key influences impacting lubricant formulations and technology Offers data on global energy demand and interesting statistics such as the worldwide population of nuclear reactors, wind turbines, and output of hydraulic turbines Presents new sections on the history of synthetic lubricants and hazardous chemical labeling for lubricants Whether used as a training guide for industry novices, a textbook for students to understand lubrication principles, or a technical reference for experienced lubrication and tribology professionals, Lubrication Fundamentals, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded is a "must read" for maintenance professionals, lubricant formulators and marketers, chemists, and lubrication, surface, chemical, mechanical, and automotive engineers.

IntroductionPremodern History of PetroleumPetroleum in North AmericaDevelopment of LubricantsHistory of Synthetic LubricantsFuture ProspectsBibliographyLubricant Base Stock Production and ApplicationLubricant Base Stocks and Their ApplicationRole of Crude Oil in the Manufacture of Base StockRefinery Processing—Separation versus ConversionConventional Solvent ProcessingConversion ProcessingBase Stock CompositionBibliographyLubricating OilsAdditivesPhysical and Chemical CharacteristicsEvaluation and Performance TestsEngine Tests for Oil PerformanceAutomotive Gear LubricantsATFsBibliographyLubricating GreasesWhy Greases Are UsedComposition of GreaseManufacture of GreaseGrease CharacteristicsEvaluation and Performance TestsBibliographySynthetic LubricantsSHFsOrganic EstersPolyglycolsPhosphate EstersBibliographyEnvironmental LubricantsEnvironmental ConsiderationsDefinitions and Test ProceduresEnvironmental CriteriaEnvironmental Characteristics of Various Base StocksProduct Availability and PerformanceProduct Selection ProcessConverting to EALsBibliographyHydraulicsBasic PrinciplesSystem ComponentsControlling Pressure and FlowActuatorsOil ReservoirsOil Qualities Required by Hydraulic SystemsHydraulic Fluid TypesHydraulic System MaintenanceBibliographyLubricating Films and Machine Elements: Bearings, Slides, Guides, Ways, Gears, Cylinders, Couplings, Chains, Wire RopesTypes of Lubricating FilmsPlain BearingsRolling Element BearingsSlides, Guides, and WaysLinear Motion GuidesGearsLubricant Characteristics for Enclosed GearsLubrication of Open GearsCylindersFlexible CouplingsDrive ChainsWire RopesBibliographyApplication of LubricantsAll-Loss MethodsReuse MethodsOther Reuse MethodsCentralized Application SystemsBibliographyInternal Combustion EnginesDesign and Construction ConsiderationsFuel and Combustion ConsiderationsOperating ConsiderationsMaintenance ConsiderationsEngine Oil CharacteristicsOil Recommendations by ApplicationBibliographyAutomotive Transmissions and Drive TrainsClutchesTransmissionsDrive Shafts and Universal JointsTransaxlesOther Gear CasesAutomotive Gear LubricantsTorque Converter and ATFsMultipurpose Tractor FluidsBibliographyAutomotive Chassis ComponentsSuspension and Steering LinkagesSteering GearWheel BearingsBrake SystemsMedium- and Heavy-Duty Truck ChassisBibliographyStationary Gas TurbinesPrinciples of Gas TurbinesJet Engines for Industrial and Marine Propulsion UseGas Turbine ApplicationsLubrication of Gas TurbinesBibliographySteam TurbinesSteam Turbine OperationTurbine Control SystemsLubricated ComponentsBibliographyHydraulic TurbinesTurbine TypesLubricated PartsLubricant RecommendationsBibliographyWind TurbinesWind Turbine OverviewGeneral Considerations for Wind Turbine LubricationBibliographyNuclear Power GenerationReactor TypesRadiation Effects on Petroleum ProductsLubrication RecommendationsBibliographyCompressorsReciprocating Air and Gas CompressorsRotary CompressorsDynamic CompressorsRefrigeration and Air Conditioning CompressorsBibliographyLubricant Contribution to Energy EfficiencyFriction Loss MechanismsHydrodynamic Fluid FilmsFriction Losses in Hydraulic SystemsVehicle and Internal Combustion Engine EfficiencyBibliographyHandling, Storing, and Dispensing LubricantsHazardous Chemical Labeling for LubricantsHandlingStoringDispensingBibliographyPractices for Lubricant Conservation and Machinery ReliabilityOverview of In-Plant Lubricant HandlingProduct SelectionIn-Service HandlingIn-Service Lubricant PurificationReclamation of Lubricating OilsReclamation Units (Oil Conditioners)Waste Oil Collection and RoutingEquipment Commissioning and FlushingFinal DisposalBibliographyIn-Service Lubricant AnalysisEstablishing an In-Service Lubricant Analysis ProgramUsed Oil Analysis Program Startup RecommendationsIn-Service Lubricant Analysis TestingInterpretation of Used Oil Analysis Results

Don M. Pirro is the global alliance technical manager at ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Paulsboro, New Jersey. He started his career in 1978 as a test engineer for Ingersoll Rand’s Turbo Compressor Division. He has more than 36 years of lubrication experience with ExxonMobil in various technical positions. He is the author or contributing editor of several scholarly articles on synthetic lubes, environmental awareness applications, grease technology, lubricant interchangeability, used oil analysis, and marine lubricants. He graduated from Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, with degrees in mechanical engineering and business administration. Ekkehard Daschner is the industrial lubricant section head and greases technology program lead at ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Paulsboro, New Jersey. Daschner earned his mechanical engineering degree in Germany and started his career in an aluminum company. In 1982, he joined the Mobil Oil AG R&D laboratory in Germany supporting product development projects. After holding various positions in technical support, he was appointed Area Sales Director and Brand Manager in Germany and the European headquarters in London and Brussels, and later served as European and later as Global Industrial and Marine Equipment Builder Services Manager. Martin Webster is a senior research associate at ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Annandale, New Jersey. He earned his BS and MS in aeronautical engineering and his PhD in tribology from Imperial College, London, UK. In 1986, he was awarded the Bronze Medal in tribology from the Institute of Mechanical Engineers in the UK. After spending four years working in the UK, he joined ExxonMobil in 1989. At ExxonMobil, Martin has held various positions in research and product development and is currently involved in the study of fundamental lubrication mechanisms at the company’s Corporate Strategic Research Laboratory.