Aging and Age-Related Disorders

Features that characterize the aging process include the gradual accumulation of cell damage after prolonged exposure to oxidative and inflammatory events over a lifetime. In addition to the accretion of lesions, the intrinsic levels of pro-oxidant and aberrant immune responses are elevated with age. These adverse events are often further enhanced by the chronic and slow progressing diseases that characterize the senescent brain and cardiovascular system. The incidence of some disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular diseases are sufficiently prevalent in the extreme elderly that these disorders can arguably be considered "normal". Aging and Aging-Related Disorders examines the interface between normal and pathological aging, and illustrates how this border can sometimes be diffuse. It explores and illustrates the processes underlying the means by which aging becomes increasingly associated with inappropriate levels of free radical activity and how this can serve as a platform for the progression of age-related diseases. The book provides chapters that examine the interactive relationship between systems in the body that can enhance or sometimes even limit cellular longevity. In addition, specific redox mechanisms in cells are discussed. Another important aspect for aging discussed here is the close relationship between the systems of the body and exposure to environmental influences of oxidative stress that can affect both cellular senescence and a cell’s nuclear DNA. What may be even more interesting to note is that these external stressors are not simply confined to illnesses usually associated with aging, but can be evident in maturing and young individuals. A broad range of internationally recognized experts have contributed to this book. Their aim is to successfully highlight emerging knowledge and therapy for the understanding of the basis and development of aging–related disorders.

General Aspects of Aging.- Protein Redox-Regulation Mechanisms in Aging.- Nitrosative Stress in Aging – Its Importance and Biological Implications in NF-?B Signaling.- Intervention with Multiple Micronutrients Including Dietary and Endogenous Antioxidants for Healthy Aging.- Advanced Glycation End Products, RAGE, and Aging.- Sirtuins and Mammalian Aging.- Estrogenic Modulation of Longevity by Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes.- Mitochondrial Respiratory Function Decline in Aging and Life-Span Extension by Caloric Restriction.- Methylglyoxal, Oxidative Stress, and Aging.- The Cardiovascular System.- Novel Strategies for Neurovascular Longevity During Aging.- Oxidative Stress in Vascular Disease.- The Role of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Formation for Age-Induced Vascular Dysfunction.- Aging, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Disorders.- Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Cardiovascular Disease.- Antioxidation in Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases – An Effect of Polyphenols.- Vascular Aging and Oxidative Stress: Hormesis and Adaptive Cellular Pathways.- Role of Oxidative Stress in Mediating Elevated Blood Pressure with Aging.- The Nervous System.- Melatonin, Oxidative Stress, and the Aging Brain.- The SAM Strain of Mice, a Higher Oxidative Stress, Age-Dependent Degenerative Disease, and Senescence Acceleration Model.- Antioxidants Combined with Behavioral Enrichment Can Slow Brain Aging.- Role of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegeneration and Vulnerability of Neuronal Cells to Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Reactive Oxygen Species.- Free Radical–Mediated Damage to Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of Acrolein and Preclinical Promise of Antioxidant Polyphenols.- An Epigenetic Model for Susceptibility to Oxidative DNA Damage in the Aging Brain and Alzheimer’sDisease.