Variable Speed Generators

Variable Speed Generators, the second of two volumes in the Electric Generators Handbook, provides extensive coverage of variable speed generators in distributed generation and renewable energy applications around the world. The book delves into the steady state, transients, control, and design of claw-pole-rotor synchronous, induction, permanent-magnet-(PM)-assisted synchronous, and switched reluctance starter alternators for electric hybrid vehicles. It discusses PM synchronous, transverse flux PM, and flux reversal PM generators for low-speed wind and hydro energy conversion. It also explores linear motion alternators for residential and spacecraft applications. Numerous design and control examples illustrate the exposition. Fully revised and updated to reflect the last decade’s worth of progress in the field, this Second Edition adds new sections that: Address the ride-through control of doubly fed induction generators under unbalanced voltage sags Consider the control of stand-alone doubly fed induction generators under unbalanced nonlinear loads Detail a stand-alone squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) with AC output and a low-rating pulse-width modulated (PWM) converter Present a twin stator winding SCIG with 50 percent rating inverter and diode rectifier, and a dual stator winding induction generator with nested cage rotor Examine interior permanent magnet claw-pole-alternator systems for more vehicle braking energy recuperation, and high power factor Vernier PM generators Depict a PM-assisted reluctance synchronous motor/generator for an electric hybrid vehicle, and a double stator switched reluctance generator with segmented rotor Describe the grid to stand-alone transition motion-sensorless dual-inverter control of permanent magnet synchronous generators with asymmetrical grid voltage sags and harmonics filtering The promise of renewable, sustainable energy rests on our ability to design innovative power systems that are able to harness energy from a variety of sources. Variable Speed Generators, Second Edition supplies state-of-the-art tools necessary to design, validate, and deploy the right power generation technologies to fulfill tomorrow's complex energy needs.

Wound-Rotor Induction Generators: Steady StateIntroductionConstruction ElementsSteady-State EquationsEquivalent CircuitPhasor DiagramsOperation at the Power GridAutonomous Operation of WRIGsOperation of WRIGs in the Brushless Exciter ModeLosses and Efficiency of WRIGsSummaryReferences Wound-Rotor Induction Generators: Transients and ControlIntroductionWRIG Phase Coordinate ModelSpace-Phasor Model of WRIGSpace-Phasor Equivalent Circuits and DiagramsApproaches to WRIG TransientsStatic Power Converters for WRIGsVector Control of WRIG at Power GridDirect Power Control of WRIG at Power GridIndependent Vector Control of Positive and Negative Sequence CurrentsMotion-Sensorless ControlVector Control in Stand-Alone OperationSelf-Starting, Synchronization, and Loading at the Power GridVoltage and Current Low-Frequency Harmonics of WRIGRide-Through Control of DFIG under Unbalanced Voltage SagsStand-Alone DFIG Control under Unbalanced Nonlinear LoadsSummaryReferences Wound-Rotor Induction Generators: Design and TestingIntroductionDesign Specifications: An ExampleStator DesignRotor DesignMagnetization CurrentReactances and ResistancesElectrical Losses and EfficiencyTesting of WRIGsSummaryReferences Self-Excited Induction GeneratorsIntroductionPrinciple of Cage-Rotor Induction MachineSelf-Excitation: A Qualitative ViewSteady-State Performance of Three-Phase SEIGsPerformance Sensitivity AnalysisPole Changing SEIGs for Variable Speed OperationUnbalanced Operation of Three-Phase SEIGsOne Phase Open at Power GridThree-Phase SEIG with Single-Phase OutputTwo-Phase SEIGs with Single-Phase OutputThree-Phase SEIG TransientsParallel Connection of SEIGsDirect Connection to Grid Transients in Cage-Rotor Induction GeneratorsMore on Power Grid Disturbance Transients in Cage-Rotor Induction Generators SummaryReferences Stator-Converter-Controlled Induction GeneratorsIntroductionGrid-Connected SCIGs: The Control SystemGrid Connection and Four-Quadrant Operation of SCIGsStand-Alone Operation of SCIGParallel Operation of SCIGsStatic Capacitor Exciter Stand-Alone IG for Pumping SystemsOperation of SCIGs with DC Voltage-Controlled OutputStand-Alone SCIG with AC Output and Low Rating PWM ConverterDual Stator Winding for Grid ApplicationsTwin Stator Winding SCIG with 50% Rating Inverter and Diode RectifierDual Stator Winding IG with Nested Cage RotorSummaryReferences Automotive Claw-Pole-Rotor Generator SystemsIntroductionConstruction and PrincipleMagnetic Equivalent Circuit ModelingThree-Dimensional Finite Element Method ModelingLosses, Efficiency, and Power FactorDesign Improvement StepsLundell Starter/Generator for Hybrid VehiclesIPM Claw-Pole Alternator System for More Vehicle Braking Energy Recuperation: A Case Study SummaryReferences Induction Starter/Alternators for Electric Hybrid VehiclesElectric Hybrid Vehicle ConfigurationEssential SpecificationsTopology Aspects of Induction Starter/AlternatorISA Space-Phasor Model and CharacteristicsVector Control of ISADTFC of ISAISA Design Issues for Variable SpeedSummaryReferences Permanent-Magnet-Assisted Reluctance Synchronous Starter/Alternators for Electric Hybrid VehiclesIntroductionTopologies of PM-RSMFinite Element Analysisdq Model of PM-RSMSteady-State Operation at No Load and Symmetric Short CircuitDesign Aspects for Wide Speed Range Constant Power OperationPower Electronics for PM-RSM for Automotive ApplicationsControl of PM-RSM for EHVState Observers without Signal Injection for Motion Sensorless ControlSignal Injection Rotor Position ObserversInitial and Low-Speed Rotor Position Tracking50/100 kW, 1350–7000 rpm (600 Nm Peak Torque, 40 kg) PM-Assisted Reluctance Synchronous Motor/Generator for HEV: A Case StudySummaryReferences Switched Reluctance Generators and Their ControlIntroductionPractical Topologies and Principles of OperationSRG(M) ModelingFlux/Current/Position CurvesDesign IssuesPWM Converters for SRGsControl of SRG(M)sDirect Torque Control of SRG(M)Rotor Position and Speed Observers for Motion-Sensorless ControlOutput Voltage Control in SRGDouble Stator SRG with Segmented RotorSummaryReferences Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator SystemsIntroductionPractical Configurations and Their CharacterizationAir Gap Field Distribution, emf, and Torque Stator Core Loss ModelingCircuit ModelCircuit Model of PMSG with Shunt Capacitors and AC LoadCircuit Model of PMSG with Diode Rectifier LoadUtilization of Third Harmonic for PMSG with Diode RectifiersAutonomous PMSGs with Controlled Constant Speed and AC LoadGrid-Connected Variable-Speed PMSG SystemPM Genset with Multiple OutputsSuper-High-Speed PM Generators: Design IssuesSuper-High-Speed PM Generators: Power Electronics Control IssuesDesign of a 42 Vdc Battery-Controlled-Output PMSG SystemMethods for Testing PMSGsGrid to Stand-Alone Transition Motion-Sensorless Dual-Inverter Control of PMSG with Asymmetrical Grid Voltage Sags and Harmonics Filtering: A Case StudyNote on Medium-Power Vehicular Electric Generator SystemsSummaryReferences Transverse Flux and Flux Reversal Permanent Magnet Generator SystemsIntroductionThree-Phase Transverse Flux Machine: Magnetic Circuit DesignTFM: The dq Model and Steady StateThree-Phase FR-PM Generator: Magnetic and Electric Circuit Design High Power Factor Vernier PM GeneratorsSummaryReferences Linear Motion AlternatorsIntroductionLMA Principle of OperationPM-LMA with Coil MoverMultipole LMA with Coil Plus Iron MoverPM-Mover LMAsTubular Homopolar PM Mover Single-Coil LMAFlux Reversal LMA with Mover PM Flux ConcentrationPM-LMAs with Iron MoverFlux Reversal PM-LMA Tubular ConfigurationControl of PM-LMAsProgressive-Motion LMAs for Maglevs with Active GuidewaySummaryReferences

Ion Boldea is a professor of electrical engineering at the University Politehnica Timisoara, Romania. A life fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Professor Boldea has worked, published, lectured, and consulted extensively on the theory, design, and control of linear and rotary electric motors and generators for more than 40 years.