The Transorbital Intracranial Penetrating Injury A review of the literature from a neurosurgical viewpoint

Intracranial injury, caused by a transorbital penetrating object, is a neglected topic in neurosurgery. With few exceptions, only occasional publications, often containing merely case histories, are present in the literature.
Through a perusal of the world literature - for the first time - the author has collected and combined all available and relevant information, trying to give a thorough description of this rare, but extremely dangerous injury.
This book is a major and definitive contribution to neurosurgery, but is also of importance to ophthalmology, neurology, traumatology, neuro-radiology and pediatrics.

1. Introduction.- 2. Historical aspects regarding transorbital intracranial penetrating injury (TIPI).- 3. Defining the concept of TIPI.- 4. Experimental research on cadavers.- 5. The nature of the penetrating object.- 6. Incidence.- 7. Anatomical data.- 8. Pathogenesis.- 9. Clinical presentation and initial evaluation.- 10. Physical examination.- 11. Neuroimaging.- 12. Treatment.- 13. Antibiotic therapy.- 14. Complications.- 15. Aggression.- 16. Accident.- 17. Fall injuries.- 18. TIPI caused by umbrellas.- 19. TIPI caused by pencils, slate pencils and ballpoint pens.- 20. Suicide by TIPI.- 21. Mortality and morbidity.- 22. Medicolegal aspects; prevention of TIPI.- 23. Brief review of a patient series from the literature.- List of patients.- References.- List of reprints of illustrations from other authors.