The Science of Crime Measurement Issues for Spatially-Referenced Crime Data

Crime statistics are ubiquitous in modern society – but how accurate are they? This book investigates the science of crime measurement focussing on four main questions: how do we count crime? How do we calculate crime rates? Are there other measurements of crime? What are the issues surrounding crime statistics? All too often we take the measurement of crime at face value when there is, in fact, a science behind it. This book specifically deals with issues related to spatially-referenced crime data that are used to analyse crime patterns across the urban environment. The first section of the book considers alternative crime rate calculations. The second section of the book contains a thorough discussion of a measure of crime specialisation. Finally, the third section of the book addresses a number of aggregation issues that are present with such data: crime type aggregations, temporal aggregations of crime data, the stability of crime patterns over time, and the importance of spatial scale. This book builds on a growing body of literature on the science of crime measurement and offers a comprehensive account of this growing subfield of criminology. The book speaks to wider debates in the fields of crime analysis, environmental criminology and crime prevention and will be perfect reading for advanced level undergraduate and graduate students looking to find out more about the measurement of crime.

1. The science of crime measurement 2. Ambient populations and the calculation of crime rates and risk 3. The ambient population and crime analysis 4. Diurnal movements and the ambient population: an application to municipal level crime rate calculations 5. Measuring crime specialization: the location quotient 6. Crime specialization across the Canadian provinces and Metro Vancouver's municipalities 7. Location quotients, ambient populations and the spatial analysis of crime in Vancouver, Canada 8. The (in)appropriateness of aggregating across crime types 9. The spatial dimension of crime seasonality 10. Testing the stability of crime patterns: implications for theory and policy 11. Spatial heterogeneity in crime analysis 12. Future directions in the science of crime measurement.

Martin A. Andresen is an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology and Institute for Canadian Urban Research Studies at Simon Fraser University, Canada.His research interests include crime measurement, spatial crime analysis, environmental criminology, and the geography of crime. This research has been published in leading journals on both criminology and geography including: Applied Geography, British Journal of Criminology, Environment and Planning A, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, and Urban Studies.