The Handbook of Fatigue Management in Transportation Waking Up to the Challenge

In the world of transportation, fatigue is a silent killer that can affect us all. Understanding fatigue, including how to manage it to minimize safety risk, is of great importance. However, while it is one thing to recognize that fatigue is a critical safety issue, it is quite another to set up a successful, scientifically informed fatigue risk management programme. This book is here to help. It has been carefully designed as a comprehensive reference point, bringing together international expertise from leaders in fatigue science, and showcasing valuable insights from transportation industry practitioners. The 40 authored chapters are divided into six sections, to better understand fatigue science, the consequences of fatigue in transportation, contributors to fatigue, managing fatigue and promoting alertness, real world case studies of fatigue management in practice, and future perspectives. While it is possible to read each chapter in isolation, most will be gained by reading the book as a whole. Each chapter starts with an abstract overview and concludes with summary bullet points, creating a handy "quick check" for key points. This accessible text is for those who are interested in supporting alert and safe transportation operations. It is suitable for professionals, transport managers, government advisors, policy makers, students, academics, and anyone who wants to learn more. All transport modes (road, rail, maritime and aviation) are considered. For anyone waking up to the complex challenge of fatigue management, this handbook is a must.

Section 1 – Fatigue science and transportation Chapter 1.1 - Toward a more precise definition of fatigue Thomas J. Balkin, Samantha M. Riedy, Arnaud Rabat, & Karl E. Friedl Chapter 1.2 - Measuring operator fatigue and sleepiness Mikael Sallinen & Göran Kecklund Chapter 1.3 - Challenges in fatigue research and enforcement Anna Anund & Anna Sjörs Dahlman Chapter 1.4 - The effects of fatigue on performance in transportation operations Matthew J.W. Thomas, Madeline Sprajcer, & Drew Dawson Chapter 1.5 - A practical Human Factors method for developing successful fatigue countermeasures Ashleigh J. Filtness & Anna Anund Section 2 – Fatigue-related consequences in transportation Chapter 2.1 - Fatigue-related consequences on road crashes Charles Goldenbeld, Ingrid van Schagen, & Ragnhild Davidse Chapter 2.2 - Fatigue risk in Great Britain’s railway industry Dan Basacik, Ann Mills, Mark Young, Ishbel Macgregor-Curtain, & Nora Balfe Chapter 2.3 - Awakening to the challenge of fatigue management in maritime transportation Nita Lewis Shattuck, Darian Lawrence-Sidebottom, Panagiotis Matsangas, & Matthew Nicholson Chapter 2.4 - Fatigue-related consequences in aviation Katherine Wilson & Jana Price Chapter 2.5 - Telling the story: How and why investigating for fatigue can improve safety in transportation operations Christina M. Rudin-Brown, Geneviève Dubé, Michelle S. Gauthier, David Mohan, & Ari Rosberg Chapter 2.6 - Fatigue’s effects on occurrence survivability Sarah Harris Chapter 2.7 - Regulatory and legal frameworks for managing fatigue in transportation Drew Dawson, Madeline Sprajcer, & Matthew J.W. Thomas Section 3 - Factors that contribute to fatigue and sleepiness in transportation Chapter 3.1 - Sleep pressure and circadian rhythms Anastasi Kosmadopoulos Chapter 3.2 - Jet lag, sleep timing, and sleep inertia Cassie J. Hilditch & Dorothee Fischer Chapter 3.3 - Sleep disorders and driving Walter T. McNicholas Chapter 3.4 - Task-related causes or contributors to fatigue and sleepiness Ann Williamson Chapter 3.5 - Lifestyle as a mediator of fatigue and sleepiness Melissa Ulhôa, Elaine Cristina Marqueze, & Claudia R.C. Moreno Section 4 - Managing fatigue and promoting alertness in transportation Chapter 4.1 - Approaches to fatigue management: Where we are and where we’re going Madeline Sprajcer, Matthew J.W. Thomas, & Drew Dawson Chapter 4.2 - Rules resistance: The inequitable trade, missing logical links and solutions to surmount the challenge Clinton Marquardt Chapter 4.3 - Work scheduling – Biomathematical modelling for fatigue risk, and its role in fatigue risk management processes Steven R. Hursh & Jaime K. Devine Chapter 4.4 - Fatigue risk thresholds Emily M. Moslener, Hans P.A. Van Dongen, & Kimberly A. Honn Chapter 4.5 - Fatigue profiling: An approach to understand occurrence, causes and effects of fatigue in people working in different transport sectors Ross O. Phillips Chapter 4.6 - Fatigue detection technology Clémentine François & Jérôme Wertz Chapter 4.7 - Individual countermeasures to fatigue Fran Pilkington-Cheney Chapter 4.8 - Light as a countermeasure to sleepiness and its potential for use in the transport industry Shamsi Shekari Soleimanloo & Simon Smith Chapter 4.9 - It takes two: Health management and its interface with fatigue Anjum Naweed, Janine Chapman, & Amy C. Reynolds Chapter 4.10 - Aircrew fatigue and scheduling – a summary of some recent studies using the same outcome measure Torbjörn Åkerstedt & Mikael Sallinen Chapter 4.11 - Fatigue management education for young novice drivers Ashleigh J. Filtness, Sally Maynard, Rachel Talbot, Claire Quigley, & Evita Papazikou Section 5 - Transportation fatigue risk management in practice Chapter 5.1 - Tram Operations Limited - Insights from our journey to improve fatigue and wellness management Jackie Townsend, Cynthia Spencer, Andy Wallace, Bradley Jennings, & Ben Groome Chapter 5.2 - Assessing railway traffic controller safety with an hourly risk index Bart Roets & Simon Folkard Chapter 5.3 - Rail transport: Lessons learned in implementing a sleep apnoea assessment program in the transportation industry Daria Luisi, Tamara Dumanovsky, Laura Bienenfeld, Muataz Jaber, Nelson Gonzalez, & Patrick Warren Chapter 5.4 - Marine transport – Using technologies for managing the risk of fatigue at sea Michelle Grech Chapter 5.5 - Fatigue and sleepiness in UK policing Yvonne Taylor Chapter 5.6 - Managing commercial vehicle driver fatigue in Canada: A government perspective Pierre Thiffault Chapter 5.7 - Friend or foe? The use of digital devices in the fight against monotony and boredom in Air Traffic Management Lea Sophie Vink Section 6 - Fatigue risk management of the future Chapter 6.1 - Road vehicle automation and its effects on fatigue, sleep, rest and recuperation Christer Ahlström, Johanna Wörle, Mikael Ljung Aust, & Frederik Diederichs Chapter 6.2 - Through the darkness of future past: A cautionary tale Anjum Naweed, Verna Blewett, Lily Hirsch, & Ashleigh J. Filtness Chapter 6.3 - Space transport and fatigue Crystal L. Kirkley, Zachary L. Glaros, Nicholas G. Bathurst, Cassie J. Hilditch, & Erin E. Flynn-Evans Chapter 6.4 - The future of fatigue management: Strategies, policies, and societal expectations Mark R. Rosekind, Erin. E. Flynn-Evans, & Kevin B. Gregory

Dr Christina (Missy) Rudin-Brown, PhD, CCPE has over 20 years’ experience in transportation safety human factors research and investigation and has published over 100 peer-reviewed publications. She currently manages the Human Factors and Macro Analysis team at the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) and does part-time consulting with Toronto-based Human Factors North, Inc. She has investigated the existence, influence, and management of fatigue in occurrences from all modes of transportation and is an expert member of several international transportation safety committees. She is co-editor, with Dr Samantha Jamson, of the book "Road Safety and Behavioural Adaptation: Theory, Evidence, and Action", published by Taylor & Francis (CRC Press). Professor Ashleigh Filtness, PhD is a Professor of Transport Human Factors and Sleep Science at Loughborough University, UK. Ashleigh is fascinated by sleepiness and fatigue and their impact on safety. She has spent over 15 years’ performing transportation safety research and has authored over 90 peer-reviewed publications. Since completing her PhD in 2011 on ‘Obstructive sleep apnoea and daytime driver sleepiness’, Professor Filtness has continued her fatigue research working in the Human Factors groups at the Monash University Accident Research Centre (Melbourne) and the Queensland University of Technology’s Centre for Accident Research and Road safety in Australia before moving to the Transport Safety Research Centre at Loughborough University in 2016. Her research seeks to better understand the situations that contribute to sleepiness/fatigue and how these can best be managed to reduce the impact on safety. She specialises in vehicle operator impairment in road and rail transport and has a wealth of experience conducting competitively funded research, industry and government funded projects seeking to improve safety.