The Chemical Century Molecular Manipulation and Its Impact on the 20th Century

This fascinating new volume provides a comprehensive yet concise overview of the chemical aspects of some of the major innovations and changes that occurred during the 20th century, relating chemical structures and properties to real-life applications. Developed for a course taught by the author for several years at UVA, the author covers the important and consequential developments in chemistry and explains their everyday, real-life applications. These include such topics as consumer products, fossil fuel use, polymers, agriculture, food production, nutrition, explosives, and drugs. The section Molecular Biology and Its Applications includes examples of the application of biotechnology and genetic engineering.

POWER FROM MOLECULES Explosives and Propellants: Power to Breach Mountains, Wage War, and Visit the Moon Structures of Explosives and Propellants Production of Explosives and Propellants Military Applications of Explosives and Propellants Rocket Engines for Space Exploration Other Uses of Explosives and Propellants Explosives and Terrorism Hydrocarbons as Fuels and Petrochemicals: Shaping the Past; Dominating the Present; Complicating the Future Petroleum Refining and Processing Alternative Sources of Liquid Fuels Petrochemicals Environmental Consequences of Hydrocarbon Fuel Usage Economical, Political, and Ethical Aspects of Fossil Fuel Usage MAKING THINGS WE USE The Chemical Industry: An Overview Prior to WWI From WWI to WWII WWII to 1975 975 –2000 The International Chemical Industry at the End of the Century Origins of the Pharmaceutical Industry Halogenated Hydrocarbons: Persistence, Toxicity, and Problems Volatile Chlorinated Solvents and Intermediates DDT and Other Persistent Halogenated Compounds Chlorofluorocarbons and Related Compounds Polymers: Making New Materials The Nature of Polymers Chemically Modified Natural Polymers Synthetic Polymers Fabrication of Polymers Flammability of Fibers, Films and Plastics Recycling of Polymers Household and Personal Care Products: Cleaning Up and Looking Good Surfactant Types Household Cleaning Products Personal Care Products Skin Care Cosmetics Advertising of Household and Personal Care Products Environmental Effects and Regulation Silicones: From Contact Lenses to Pavement Sealants Preparation and Properties of Silicones Applications of Silicones Biomedical Applications of Silicones Environmental Issues CHEMISTRY AND FOOD Chemistry and Agriculture: Helping Feed the World Fertilizers Herbicides Insecticides Environmental and Ecological Effects of Food Production Chemistry, Food and the Modern Diet: What’s in Food Besides Food? Some Common Food Ingredients Sugars and Low-Caloric Sweeteners Fats and Oils Coffee Decaffeination Chemical Basis of Fruit Ripening Economics and Politics of Food Processing Examples of Processed Foods Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Vitamins and Nutrition Vitamin Deficiency Diseases and the Discovery of the Vitamins The Use and Value of Vitamin Supplements Dietary Supplements Nutritional Consequences of Food Production and Processing MOLECULES FOR THE TREATMENT OF ILLNESS Drug Discovery, Development, and Distribution The Origins of Chemotherapy Beginnings of the Modern Pharmaceutical Industry Drug Discovery and Development Regulation, Research, Politics and Public Relations The Pharmaceutical Industry Antibiotics: The Battle with the Microbes -Lactams Aminoglycosides and Other Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Other Classes of Antibiotics Issues for the Future of Antibiotics Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Pyretic, and Anesthetic Drugs: Dealing with Pain, Inflammation, and Fever Aspirin Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors (Coxibs) Acetanilides, Including Phenacetin and Acetaminophen Other Analgesic and Anti-Pyretic Drugs Morphine and Related Opiates Cocaine and Related Structures General Anesthetics Antihypertensive Drugs: Controlling Blood Pressure The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Drugs for Treatment of Hypertension Steroids: Arthritis, Fertility, Heart Attacks, and Home Run Records Structure of Steroids Corticosteroids and Arthritis Steroids in Fertility Control Cardiovascular Effects of Steroids Steroid Analogs in Cancer Treatment Steroid Abuse in Sports Endocrine Disruptors; Inadvertent Fertility Modification? Diabetes and Anti-Diabetic Therapy: Control of Glucose The Discovery and Clinical Introduction of Insulin Production and Administration of Insulin Diagnosis and Characteristics of Diabetes Drugs Used In Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Drugs For Treatment of Neurological and Psychological Conditions Early History of Psychoactive Drugs Hypnotics Anti-Epilepsy Drugs Anti-Psychotic Drugs (Neuroleptics) Anti-Anxiety Drugs Anti-Depressants Use and Abuse of Amphetamine and Its Derivatives Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia Social Consequences and Controversies in Treatment of Neurological and Psychological Conditions Anti-Malarial and Other Anti-Parasitic Drugs Malaria: Etiology, Pathology, Prevention and Treatment Trypanosomiasis Leishamaniasis Schistosomiasis Lymphatic Filariasis Other Helminthic Infections Onchocerciasis Response to the AIDS Pandemic Drugs for Treatment of AIDS Economic Aspects of AIDS Treatment MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS. DNA Structure, Sequencing, Synthesis, and Modification: Making Biology Molecular Structure of DNA and the Genetic Code DNA Sequencing Synthesis of DNA Manipulation, Modification and Analysis of DNA Sequencing the Human Genome Applications of Biotechnology: Biology Doing Chemistry Examples of Small Molecules Produced by Biotechnology Biotechnology in Agriculture Genetically Engineered Products for Medicine Index

Richard C. Sundberg, PhD, is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Virginia and has been teaching for 50 years. He was a Fulbright Scholar (France) in 1978–79, and he was honored as a Distinguished Alumni by the University of Minnesota in 2001. He has published about 100 research papers and five monographs in the area of heterocyclic organic compounds and has directed 25 PhD theses. His past books include Advanced Organic Chemistry (all editions) (co-authored with Francis A. Carey), Springer; Indoles, Best Synthetic Methods, Academic Press, 1996; and The Chemistry of Indoles, Academic Press, 1970.