Rutley’s Elements of Mineralogy

The last thorough revision of Rutley's Elements of Mineralogy appeared as the 23rd Edition in 1936. In subsequent editions, an effort to keep abreast with the great progress in the science was made by small (and often awkward) modifications and, especially, by the addition of an independent chapter on the atomic structure of minerals. For this present edition, the complete re-setting of the book has made possible not only the integration of the added chapter on atomic structure into its proper place in the accounts of the chemical and physical properties of minerals, but also extensive rewriting and rearrangement of the material in the first part of the book. To this part, also, has been added a short chapter on the classification of minerals. In the second part, the Descrip­ tion of Minerals, numerous, if not so extensive, modifications and modernisations have been introduced. A couple of dozen new figures have been added, mostly in the early part of the book. More specifically, the major changes in this new edition are the following. The electronic structure of atoms supplies the guide­ lines for the whole account of mineral-chemistry; additional items concern the electrochemical series, of interest in the occurrence and metallurgical treatment of ores, and chemical analysis. On the physical side, the dependence of physical properties of minerals on their atomic structure is emphasized and, in addition, a brief account of radioactivity and isotopic age-determination is given.

Table of Contents with List of Main Topics.- Introductory: The Nature of Minerals.- Definition of a Mineral.- I. The Properties of Minerals.- I. The Chemistry of Minerals.- Elements and Atoms.- The Structure of the Atom.- Atomic Bonding.- Ionic Radii.- Periodic Classification of the Elements.- Chemical Compounds.- Chemical Analysis.- Analysis by the Blowpipe.- Tables of Blowpipe Analysis.- II. Certain Physical Properties of Minerals.- i. Colour, Lustre, Transparency etc..- ii. Taste, Odour and Feel.- iii. State of Aggregation.- Form.- Pseudomorphism.- Polymorphism.- Hardness.- Fracture.- Cleavage and Parting.- iv. Specific Gravity.- v. Characters dependent upon Heat.- vi. Characters dependent upon Magnetism, Electricity and Radioactivity.- III. The Elements of Crystallography.- Crystal Structure.- The Unit Cell.- External Characteristics of Crystals.- Symmetry.- The Crystal Systems.- i. Cubic or Isometric System.- 1. Galena Type.- 2. Pyrite Type.- 3. Tetrahedrite Type.- Stereographic Representation of Crystal Symmetry.- ii. Tetragonal System.- 4. Zircon Type.- iii. Hexagonal System.- 5. Beryl Type.- 6. Calcite Type.- 7. Tourmaline Type.- 8. Quartz Type.- iv. Orthorhombic System.- 9. Barytes Type.- v. Monoclinic System.- 10. Gypsum Type.- vi. Triclinic System.- 11. Axinite Type.- Crystal Aggregates.- Twin Crystals.- IV. The Optical Properties of Minerals.- The Nature of Light.- Refractive Index.- Double Refraction.- Optically Uniaxial Minerals.- The Nicol Prism.- The Petrological Microscope.- Minerals between Crossed Nicols.- Vibration-Directions and Optic Orientation.- Pleochroism and Absorption.- Convergent Light.- Interference Figures in Uniaxial Minerals.- Biaxial Minerals.- Interference Figures in Biaxial Minerals.- Synopsis of Examination of Minerals under the Petrological Microscope.- The Microscopic Investigation of Ore-Minerals.- V. The Occurrence of Minerals.- The Classification of Rocks.- 1. Igneous Rocks.- 2. Sedimentary Rocks.- 3. Metamorphic Rocks.- Mineral Deposits.- Endogenetic Mineral Deposits.- Exogenetic Mineral Deposits.- Supergene Enrichment of Mineral Deposits.- Geological History.- VI. The Classification of Minerals.- II. Description of Minerals.- Group 1A. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium.- Lithium Minerals.- Sodium Minerals.- Potassium Minerals.- Group 1B. Copper, Silver, Gold.- Copper Minerals.- Silver Minerals.- Gold Minerals.- Group 2A. Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium.- Calcium Minerals.- Strontium Minerals.- Barium Minerals.- Radium Minerals.- Group 2B. Beryllium, Magnesium, Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury.- Beryllium Minerals.- Magnesium Minerals.- Zinc Minerals.- Cadmium Minerals.- Mercury Minerals.- Group 3B. Boron, Aluminium.- Boron Minerals.- Aluminium Minerals.- Group 4A. Titanium, Zirconium, Cerium, Thorium.- Titanium Minerals.- Zirconium Minerals.- Cerium and Thorium Minerals.- Group 4B. Carbon, Silicon, Tin, Lead.- Carbon Minerals.- Silicon Minerals.- Silicate Structures.- Classification of Silicates.- A. Nesosilicates.- B. Sorosilicates.- C. Cyclosilicates.- D. Inosilicates.- E. Phyllosilicates.- F. Tectosilicates.- Tin Minerals.- Lead Minerals.- Group 5A. Vanadium, Tantalum.- Vanadium Minerals.- Tantalum Minerals.- Group 5B. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth.- Nitrogen Minerals.- Phosphorus Minerals.- Arsenic Minerals.- Antimony Minerals.- Bismuth Minerals.- Group 6A. Chromium, Molybdenum, Tungsten, Uranium.- Chromium Minerals.- Molybdenum Minerals.- Tungsten Minerals.- Uranium (and Radium) Minerals.- Group 6B. Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium.- Sulphur Minerals.- Selenium Minerals.- Tellurium Minerals.- Group 7A. Manganese.- Manganese Minerals.- Group 7B. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine.- Halogen Minerals.- Group 8A. Iron, Cobalt, Nickel.- Iron Minerals.- Cobalt Minerals.- Nickel Minerals.- Group 8B. Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Osmium, Iridium, Platinum.- Platinum Group Minerals.