Religions and Constitutional Transitions in the Muslim Mediterranean The Pluralistic Moment

This book investigates the role of Islam and religious freedom in the constitutional transitions of six North African and Middle Eastern countries, namely Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Turkey,and Palestine. In particular, the book, with an interdisciplinary approach, investigates the role of Islam as a political, institutional and societal force. Issues covered include: the role played by Islam as a constitutional reference – a "static force" able to strengthen and legitimize the entire constitutional order; Islam as a political reference used by some political parties in their struggle to acquire political power; and Islam as a specific religion that, like other religions in the area, embodies diverse perspectives on the nature and role of religious freedom in society. The volume provides insight about the political dimension of Islam, as used by political forces, as well as the religious dimension of Islam. This provides a new and wider perspective able to take into account the increasing social pluralism of the South-Mediterranean region. By analyzing three different topics – Islam and constitutionalism, religious political parties, and religious freedom – the book offers a dynamic picture of the role played by Islam and religious freedom in the process of state-building in a globalized age in which human rights and pluralism are crucial dimensions.

Preface Alessandro Ferrari – James A. Toronto Part 1: The General Framework Ch. 1 - Dynamics of Religious Freedom in the two Sides of Mediterranean: an Interconnected History, Alessandro Ferrari (Università degli Studi dell’Insubria) Ch. 2 - Religion(s), Religious Freedom and State Transformations: the European Side, Silvio Ferrari (Università degli Studi di Milano) Ch. 3 - The Historical Compromise between "Civil State" and Religion in Post-revolutionary Arab Constitutionalism, Yadh Ben Achour (President of Tunisia's Higher Political Reform Commission and Vice Chair of the U.N. Human Rights Committee) Part II: National Cases Tunisia Ch. 4 - Introduction. The Tunisian Case: A Secular Islam ?, Massimo Campanini (Università degli Studi di Trento) Ch. 5 - Some Thoughts on Religion in the 2014 Tunisian Constitution, Ghazi Gherairi (Université de Carthage) Ch. 6 - Components of Political Islam in Tunisia: the Test of Transition, (Chérif Ferjani, MSH Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée) Ch. 7 - Religious Freedom in Tunisia: the Scope of Ambivalence, Jinan Liman (Université de Tunis) Turkey Ch. 8 - Turkey: Introduction, Rossella Bottoni (Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore) Ch. 9 - Turkish Law and Religious Issues, Emre Öktem (Galatasaray University, Istanbul) Ch. 10 - The Experience of the AKP: from the Origins to Present Times, Ihsan Yilmaz (Fatih University, Istanbul) Morocco Ch. 11 - Morocco: Introduction, Roberta Aluffi (Università degli Studi di Torino) Ch. 12 - Is the "Religious Framework" of Morocco’s Party of Justice and Development a Political Tactic or a Sign of Normalization?, Amal Idrissi (Moulay Ismail University, Meknès) Ch. 13 - Religious Pluralism and Freedom of Conscience in a Muslim Context. The Case of Morocco, Mohammed Mouaquit (Université Hassan II, Casablanca) Algeria, Egypt and Palestine Ch. 14 - Introduction to Algeria, Egypt and Palestine with some reference to the Jordan case, Anne Fornerod (MISHA-CNRS Strasbourg) Ch. 15 - The Treatment of the Relationship Between Islam and the State in the Algerian Fundamental Texts From 1962 To 2012, Souad Ghaouti (Université d’Alger) Ch. 16 - Freedom of Religion and the Constitution in Egypt: The Distinction Between Belief and Practice, and Protecting Religion and Government from Each Other, David Risley (U. S. Department of Justice) Ch. 17 - Religious Law in the West Bank and Gaza, Moussa Abou Ramadan (MISHA-CNRS Strasbourg)

Alessandro Ferrari is Associate Professor at the Department of Law, Economy and Cultures of the University of Insubria where he teaches Law and Religion, Comparative Religious Laws and Mediterranean Islam. He is scientific director of the Research Centre "Religion, Law and Economy in Mediterranean Area" (REDESM) of the same University. He teaches at the Research Master "Islamologie, Droit et Gestion" at the University of Strasbourg and he has been Roberta Buffet Visiting Professor at the Northwestern University in 2014 (classes on Islam in Europe and Islam and Contemporary Constitutional Changes in Mena countries). He is member of the editorial Board of the journal Quaderni di Diritto e Politica Ecclesiastica. His most recent research interests and publications focus on secularism, laïcité, citizenship and Mediterranean religious freedom and constitutional transitions in the MENA countries. James Toronto is Associate Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies, and Senior Fellow in Islamic Studies at the International Center for Law and Religion Studies at Brigham Young University, USA. He teaches courses in Islamic religion and humanities, and Arabic language and literature. He has served as the Director of BYU’s Center for Cultural and Educational Affairs in Amman, Jordan. His research and publications focus on issues of Islamic education, legal status of religious minorities in the Middle East, and Muslim immigration in Europe.