Rail Human Factors around the World Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations

The rail human factors/ergonomics community has grown quickly and extensively, and there is much increased recognition of the vital importance of ergonomics/human factors by rail infrastructure owners, rail operating companies, system developers, regulators and national and trans-national government. This book, the third on rail human factors, is drawn from papers presented at the Lille 3rd International Conference on Rail Human Factors. The contributions cover the range of human and organisational issues on the railway, from driving to signalling and control to maintenance and engineering work, to passengers and security issues such as trespass, and address improvements in safety, reliability, use of capacity, efficiency and quality. The book represents the best of recent work in rail human factors, and starts to define the framework for the next few years. As well as the human factors areas listed above, the conference and thus the book are notable for sessions on simulation in rail human factors and on human factors in metro design and operation. The book also reflects the increased attention being paid to, and developments in, understanding all aspects of rail stakeholders’ behaviour, and also the contribution of ergonomics/human factors to innovative network control systems which will enhance reliability, safety and use of capacity. The book will be of interest to a number of groups: those working in the rail sector from a human factors point of view; the larger rail industry and related bodies generally; and in terms of transferrable knowledge to ergonomists and human factors specialists working in other industries.

Preface Keynote: The third age of human factors: From independence to interdependence E. Hollnagel Rail safety, human reliability, accident reporting and rules The classification and analysis of railway incident reports W.H. Gibson, A. Mills & S. Hesketh “A posteriori” analysis of occupational accidents: A new casual analysis approachC. Blatter, G. Tirilly, S. Barthelme, S. Leblois & M. Mazeau (Why) are Dutch cargo trains 2.6 times more often involved in SPADs compared to passenger trains? R. van derWeide, H.F.L. Frieling & D.W. de Bruijn How much regulation should there be? Rules and their application in three different fields of railway work J.Weichbrodt & G. Grote Human factors aspects of enforcement decision making J. Mawhood Investigating assistance provision to disabled rail users J. Cardell, S. Idris & P.Wilks Human reliability management software and audit plan of human factors in highly automated railway systems P. Calvo Holgado, B. Gil de Egea & C. García Suárez Human factors in the railway system safety analysis process M. Hammerl & F. Vanderhaegen Development, use and usability of TRACEr-RAV (Technique for Retrospective Analysis of Cognitive Errors for Rail, Australian Version C. Caponecchia, M.T. Baysari & A.S. McIntosh Can the concept of organisational drift help explain the degradation of safety performance that may be observed during re-franchising? P. Leach & J. Berman Simulation for rail human factors Determining the effect of simulator configuration in a VR train driver system T.K. Yates & S. Sharples Efficient control of passenger railways: Testing advice and information systems in a driving simulator T. Albrecht & C. Gassel Rail simulations to study human reliability F. Vanderhaegen Assessment of train drivers’ performance in a driving simulator C. Maag & M. Schmitz Simulator tests of a harmonised European driver’s desk M. Rentzsch, D. Seliger, D. Miglianico & D. Georget From a testing laboratory for railway technical components to a human factors simulation environment M. Hammerl, M. De Filippis, I. Steinhäuser, C. Torens, O. Gantz, M. Meyer zu Hörste & K. Lemmer Uploading to the MATRICS: Combining simulation and serious gaming in railway simulators J. van Luipen & S. Meijer Development of software add-on tools for enhancing the capabilities of train driving simulators M. Schmitz & C. Maag Human factors integration in rail simulators B. Gil de Egea, P. Calvo Holgado & C. García Suárez Ergonomics design and human factors integration in the railway A case study of human factors integration in the rules change process T. Luke & K. Bonsall Integration in design projects – delivering the return on investment E. Grimes, K. Wright & G. Hillier Embedding good human factors in complex multi-disciplinary engineering projects G. Hillier, K. Wright & E. Grimes Involving end users in the light rail cab design. A global approach J.R. Ruiz-Rodríguez, J.S. Solaz, D. Miglianico, L. de Victoria, H. de Rosario, B. Mateo & A. Soler 3D virtual environments in rail ergonomics T. Sobkow & K. Wright Case studies in the specification and design of interim control points R.Waterhouse & J. Robinson From buttons for fingers towards graphics for brains; history and future of ticket vending machines L. Verhoef Investigating presentation of rail specific spatial information on handheld computer screens Y. Dadashi, S. Sharples, J.R.Wilson &T. Clarke Usability testing for German railway HMIS: A chance to optimize software engineering F. Feldmann & M. De Filippis Emergency whiteboard design for Network Rail A. Parkes & N. Carroll Preparation for the rollout of the GB GSM-R system G. Morrisroe Human factors and the metro and light rail Human factors and London Underground: Past, present and future J.Wackrow & A. Slamen Developing the in-cab signalling display for the Victoria Line J.Wood Effective human factors integration in the design of a signalling and train control system for the metro rail industry S. Heape & C. Lowe Human error analysis of signal and point maintenance assets: An overview of the process for validation of quantification of potential human errors P. Traub & J.Wackrow The use of style guides to support user interface design in the metro rail industry D. Lock, M. Kazem & S. Heape Rail signalling and control human factors Measuring situation awareness in rail signalling D. Golightly, N. Balfe, S. Sharples & E. Lowe A systems approach to the assessment of mental workload in a safety critical environment A. Pretorius Signaller forms automation: The ultimate irony of automation N. Balfe, E. Lowe, R. Abboud, Y. Dadashi, R. Bye & P. Murphy The application of cognitive work analysis in rail L. Millen, S. Sharples, D. Golightly & N. Balfe Effects of level of signalling automation on workload and performance N. Balfe, J.R.Wilson, S. Sharples & T. Clarke An analysis of the usability of a planning algorithm: An empirical study in The Netherlands Railways R.J. Jorna,W. vanWezel & J. Bos Operative tests of a new system for train traffic control G. Isaksson-Lutteman, A. Kauppi, A.W. Andersson, B. Sandblad & M. Erlandsson Signaller workload exploration and assessment tool (SWEAT) P. Shanahan, D. Gregory & E. Lowe Development and implementation of a predictive tool for optimizing workload of train dispatchers M. Zeilstra, D.W. de Bruijn & R. van derWeide Train driver performance, driving aids, train cab HMI and level crossings Red means stop, doesn’t it? A human factors trial of a UK train safety system driver-machine interface A. Scott & H. Gibson Feasibility of head up displays in driving cabs K. Davies, P. Thorley, M. Thomas & H. Gibson LED’s make rail better D.W. de Bruijn & H.F.L. Frieling “By the seat of their pants” cues and feedback used by train crew N. Doncaster Future train cab interface design: Development of a model to support driver situation awareness M.S. Young & D.P.J. Grenier Using a model of train driver performance to investigate the contribution of human factors to rail incidents H. Blanchard & E. Lowe Improving driver management – supporting driver managers P. Leach & J. Berman Simulation in junction signalling design J. Aitchison, K. Davies, P. Cavanagh, M. Bendig, M. Thomas & K. Boak The development of a visibility tool to support sign and signalling work on the railway A. Peron, E. Lowe, C. Turner, T. Troscianko & P.G. Lovell Further development of a route drivability assessment tool: Improving usability and supporting incident investigation A. McKenzie-Kerr,W.I. Hamilton, P. Townsend & E. Lowe Another train coming:Warnings at automatic level crossings J. Heavisides, M. Barrett & S. Hesketh Rail road safety audit checklist on grade crossings in Iran M.R. Keymanesh &A.R. Arjroody Rail engineering work and maintenance Principles for protecting rail engineering work – challenges for the human factors community A. Schock, B. Ryan & J.R.Wilson Assessing safety impact of process change R. Ollerenshaw & P. Murphy Identification of resilience factors in rail engineering work P. Ferreira, T. Clarke, J.R.Wilson, S. Sharples & B. Ryan Patrolling excellence: Implementing behaviour change in a maintenance delivery team F. Kenvyn & N. Hattotuwa What is ‘concentrated effort’? Can it be applied safely to tasks undertaken in the red zone? L. Sutton & E. Lowe Protection of track work and maintenance of way personnel on Canadian railways D. Roosenboom Competence, behaviour, training, fatigue and communications “More effective supervision, please!” C.E. Dickinson Reaping the benefits – How railways can build on lessons learned from Crew Resource Management B. Klampfer, E. Grey, A. Lowe, B. Hayward & K. Brandford The assessment and management of errors in a simulator: A rail-based case study K. Bonsall & J. Pitsopoulos Dipping into or