Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's disease, one of the most rapidly growing neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by a progressive loss of memory. Despite several advances in the field of medical therapeutics, a viable treatment for Alzheimer's disease would be of great importance. Medicinal plants represent a largely untapped reservoir of natural medicines and potential sources of anti-Alzheimer’s drugs. The structural diversity of their phytoconstituents makes these plants a valuable source of novel lead compounds in the quest for drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease. Based on traditional literature and up-to-date research, various new therapeutically active compounds have been identified from phytoextracts, which could be useful in the treatment of cognitive disorders. Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease presents information on Mechanistic aspects of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and the role of phytochemicals as restorative agents Understanding the complex biochemical aspects of Alzheimer’s disease Pre-clinical approaches to evaluating drugs to target Alzheimer’s disease Assessing alternative approaches to treating Alzheimer’s disease and the role of alternative medicine to delay the symptomatic progression of this disease Epigenetic changes in Alzheimer’s disease and possible therapeutic or dietary interventions This book serves as an excellent resource for scientific investigators, academics, biochemists, botanists, and alternative medicine practitioners who work to advance the role of phytomedicines in treating Alzheimer’s disease.

Preface Acknowledgment Editors List of Contributors Chapter 1 Annonaceae Species: A Perspective for Developing Phytomedicines for Alzheimer’s Disease Chistiane Mendes Feitosa, Antônia Laires da Silva Santos, Alyandra de Sousa Nascimento, Veruska Cavalcanti Barros, Valeria Lima Silva Veras, and Mahendra Rai Chapter 2 An Alternative Approach for Anti-Alzheimer’s Compounds from Plant Extracts G. K. Pratap and Manjula Shantaram Chapter 3 Phytotherapeutic Potential For the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Muhammad Akram, Atanu Bhattacharjee, Naveed Munir, Naheed Akhter, Fozia Anjum, Abida Parveen, Samreen Gul Khan, Muhammad Daniyal, Muhammad Riaz, Fahad Said Khan, Rumaisa Ansari, and Umme Laila Chapter 4 Cognitive Improvement, Neuroprotective, and Nootropic Effect of Medhya Rasayana Drugs in Alzheimer’s Disease Rinki Kumari, Jasmit Singh, Bhargawi Mishra, Anamika Tiwari, and Abaidya Nath Singh Chapter 5 Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Light of Ayurveda Vinayak Majhi, Bishnu Choudhury, and Sudip Paul Chapter 6 Medha Rasayana Plants: Ayurvedic Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease Atanu Bhattacharjee and Biplab Kumar Dey Chapter 7 Ethnomedicinal Plants Used By The Tribes Of Northeast India To Treat Alzheimer’s Disease Bapi Ray Sarkar Chapter 8 Neuroprotective Role of Resveratrol in Alzheimer’s Disease V. S. Dendi and Magisetty Obulesu Chapter 9 Pre-Clinical In-Vivo and In-Vitro Methods For Evaluation of Anti-Alzheimer’s Drugs Shilpa A. Deshpande and Niraj S. Vyawahare Chapter 10 Antioxidant Phytochemicals and Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Understanding and Future Scope Saikat Sen, Raja Chakraborty, and Atanu Bhattacharjee Chapter 11 Neuroprotective Role of Curcumin in Alzheimer’s Disease Magisetty Obulesu and B. Mahendran Chapter 12 Epigenetic Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Therapeutic and Dietary Interventions P. M. Aswathy, C. M. Shafeeque, and Moinak Banerjee Chapter 13 Mechanistic Aspects of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Role of Phytochemicals as Restorative Agents Anindita Kundu, Vivekananda Mandal, Sujata Wangkheirakpam, and Subhash C. Mandal Chapter 14 Pre-Clinical Approaches and Methods on Alzheimer’s Disease: In Vivo and In Vitro S. R. Chandra and Pooja Mailankody Chapter 15 Ethanolic Extracts of Dysphania ambrosioides Alleviates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Experimental Animals Rajashri Bezbaruah, Chandana C. Barua, Lipika Buragohain,Pobitra Borah, Iswar Chandra Barua, and Ghanshyam Panigrahi Chapter 16 Neuroprotective Role of Quercetin in Alzheimer’s Disease Magisetty Obulesu Chapter 17 Plant Alkaloids and Their Derivatives Relevant to Alzheimer’s Disease Atanu Bhattacharjee and Akula Ramakrishna Chapter 18 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Alzheimer’s Disease Khaleel Pasha Md and Magisetty Obulesu Chapter 19 ß-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors From Natural Products Atanu Bhattacharjee Chapter 20 Carotenoids in Alzheimer’s Disease Magisetty Obulesu Index

Dr. Atanu Bhattacharjee, M.Pharma, Ph.D.is currently working as Associate Professor in Faculty of Pharmaceutical science, Assam Down Town University, Assam, India. His area of specialization includes Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry. Dr. Bhattacharjee holds a master’s degree in Pharmacognosy from J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Ooty India. He was the recipient of Senior Research Fellow (CCRAS, New Delhi). He has obtained his Ph.D in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Nitte University, Mangalore (NAAC ‘A’ graded University) in 2015 in the area of phytochemistry and neuropharmacology of traditional Indian medicinal plant. He worked extensively on evaluation of nootropic potential of Ayurvedic plant with emphasizing their effect on cholinergic neurotransmission. His research contribution includes assessment of several in-vivo neuro-pharmacological assay and in-vitro cholinesterase enzyme, antioxidant potential of drugs obtained from natural sources. He is the Honorable Academic Editor of Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, SCIENCEDOMAIN International, India. He is also the Associate Editor of MedCrave Online Journal of Tumor Research. Recently he has been elected as Editorial Board member of Integrative Trauma and Emergency Medicine. He is registered Ph.D guide of Assam down town University. More than 20 research and review articles in reputed national/international journals were added to his credit. He has authored many book chapters in various reputed International Publishers Taylor & Francis and Springer, USA. He presented several scientific papers, attended a number of national and international conferences and delivered invitee lecture in different scientific forums. He is a life time member of Indian Pharmaceutical Association, Mumbai, India. At present, he is Editorial team member of 07 and reviewer of more than 10 highly reputed International Journals. He is involved enthusiastically in scientific research on traditional medharasayana drugs and to develop active research culture. Dr. Ramakrishna Akula is currently a scientist at Bayer Crop Science, Bangalore, India. Dr. Ramakrishna holds a master's degree from Sri Krishna Devaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India. He obtained his Ph.D. in biochemistry from University of Mysore, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru. He is a Senior Research Fellow of CSIR, New Delhi. He is involved in various research fields such as Plant Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Plant secondary metabolites, Food Science and Technology and Vegetable quality analytics. He has published several research papers in the leading international journals, published 3 books, reviews and book chapters. He is also serving as editorial board member, and reviewer for reputed international journals. Presented over 20 research papers in symposia in India and abroad, as well as few invited lectures in India. He attended the Fifth International Symposium on Plant Neurobiology held in 2009 in Florence, Italy. He also attended the Technical Community of Monsanto (TCM) held in 2016, in St. Louis, Missouri. He is a member of the Indian science congress association and society for biotechnologists (India). He is a fellow of the Society for Applied Biotechnology, India (2012), and recipient of Global Vegetable Research Excellence Award (2017), Global technology recognition, Rapid Recognition Award, and Special recognition from the Monsanto company. Obulesu Magisetty is currently a scientist at ATG Laboratories, Pune, India. He has 18 years of research and teaching experience. His research areas are multifarious which include food science, pathology of Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and designing polymer based Biomaterials (Design of hydrogels etc.). He did Alzheimer’s disease research and developed an aluminium induced neurotoxicity rabbit model. His present research focuses on development of redox-active injectable hydrogels of polyion complex. His research area also includes development of metal chelators to overcome metal induced toxicity. His books, a monograph entitled "Alzheimer’s Disease Theranostics (Elsevier (First Edition))" and an editorial collection "Alternative Medicine for Alzheimer’s Disease (Taylor and Francis)" are in progress currently (Proposals accepted and Work in Progress). He is the first and corresponding author for majority of his articles. He secured a certificate from Stanford University for the Scientific Writing course. He is on editorial board of a few pathology journals such as Journal of Medical Laboratory and Diagnosis, Journal of Medical and Surgical Pathology, Annals of Retrovirals and Antiretrovirals, Kenkyu Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, SciFed Oncology and Cancer Research Journal, Journal of Cancer and Cure. He is also on editorial board of nanotechnology journals such as SciFed Nanotech Research Letters, SciFed Drug Delivery Research, Current Updates in Nanotechnology and Journal of Nanotechnology and Materials Science.