Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Volume 1 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics (ICPMG 2018), July 17-20, 2018, London, United Kingdom

Physical Modelling in Geotechnics collects more than 1500 pages of peer-reviewed papers written by researchers from over 30 countries, and presented at the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2018 (City, University of London, UK 17-20 July 2018). The ICPMG series has grown such that two volumes of proceedings were required to publish all contributions. The books represent a substantial body of work in four years. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics contains 230 papers, including eight keynote and themed lectures representing the state-of-the-art in physical modelling research in aspects as diverse as fundamental modelling including sensors, imaging, modelling techniques and scaling, onshore and offshore foundations, dams and embankments, retaining walls and deep excavations, ground improvement and environmental engineering, tunnels and geohazards including significant contributions in the area of seismic engineering. ISSMGE TC104 have identified areas for special attention including education in physical modelling and the promotion of physical modelling to industry. With this in mind there is a special themed paper on education, focusing on both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as practicing geotechnical engineers. Physical modelling has entered a new era with the advent of exciting work on real time interfaces between physical and numerical modelling and the growth of facilities and expertise that enable development of so called ‘megafuges’ of 1000gtonne capacity or more; capable of modelling the largest and most complex of geotechnical challenges. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics will be of interest to professionals, engineers and academics interested or involved in geotechnics, geotechnical engineering and related areas. The 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics was organised by the Multi Scale Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre at City, University of London under the auspices of Technical Committee 104 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). City, University of London, are pleased to host the prestigious international conference for the first time having initiated and hosted the first regional conference, Eurofuge, ten years ago in 2008. Quadrennial regional conferences in both Europe and Asia are now well established events giving doctoral researchers, in particular, the opportunity to attend an international conference in this rapidly evolving specialist area. This is volume 1 of a 2-volume set.

VOLUME 1 Keynote and Themed lectures Modelling tunnel behaviour under seismic actions: An integrated approach E. Bilotta An example of effective mentoring for research centres C.E. Bronner, D.W.Wilson, K. Ziotopoulou, K.M. Darby, A. Sturm, A.J. Raymond, R.W. Boulanger, J.T. DeJong, D.M. Moug & J.D. Bronner Geotechnical modelling for offshore renewables C. Gaudin, C.D. O’Loughlin & B. Bienen Physical modelling applied to infrastructure development R.J. Goodey The role of centrifuge modelling in capturing whole-life responses of geotechnical infrastructure to optimise design S. Gourvenec Development of geotechnical centrifuges and facilities in China Y.J. Hou Physical modelling of structural and biological soil reinforcement J.A. Knappett Current and emerging physical modelling technologies W.A. Take 1. Sample preparation and characterisation Investigation into 3D printing of granular media O. Adamidis, S. Alber & I. Anastasopoulos Undrained shear strength profile of normally and overconsolidated kaolin clay A. Arnold,W. Zhang &A. Askarinejad LEAP GWU 2017: Investigating different methods for verifying the relative density of a centrifuge model R. Beber, S.S.C. Madabhushi, A. Dobrisan, S.K. Haigh & S.P.G. Madabhushi Centrifuge modelling of Continuous Compaction Control (CCC) B. Caicedo & J. Escobar Shear wave velocity: Comparison between centrifuge and triaxial based measurements G. Cui, C.M. Heron &A.M. Marshall Development of layered models for geotechnical centrifuge tests S. Divall, S.E. Stallebrass, R.J. Goodey & E.P. Ritchie The influence of temperature on shear strength at a soil-structure interface J. Parchment & P. Shepley Development of a 3D clay printer for the preparation of heterogeneous models L.M. Pua, B. Caicedo, D. Castillo & S. Caro 2. Engineered platforms Centrifuge modelling utility pipe behaviour subject to vehicular loading S.M. Bayton, T. Elmrom & J.A. Black Experimental model study on traffic loading induced earth pressure reduction using EPS geofoam T.N. Dave & S.M. Dasaka Physical modelling of roads in expansive clay subjected to wetting-drying cycles S. Laporte, G.A. Siemens & R.A. Beddoe Scaled physical modelling of ultra-thin continuously reinforced concrete pavement M.S. Smit, E.P. Kearsley & S.W. Jacobsz The effect of relative stiffness on soil-structure interaction under vehicle loads M.S. Smit, E.P. Kearsley & S.W. Jacobsz Plate bearing tests for working platforms G. Tanghetti, R.J. Goodey, A.M. McNamara & H. Halai Geotechnical model tests on bearing capacity of working platforms for mobile construction machines and cranes R.Worbes & C. Moormann 1g physical modelling of the stoneblowing technique for the improvement of railway track maintenance A.A. Zaytsev, A.A. Abrashitov &A.A. Sydrakov 3. Physical/Numerical interface and comparisons Millisecond interfacing of physical models with ABAQUS S. Idinyang, A. Franza, C.M. Heron &A.M. Marshall Verification and validation of two-phase material point method simulation of pore water pressure rise and dissipation in earthquakes T. Kiriyama, K. Fukutake &Y. Higo Centrifuge and numerical investigations of rotated box structures T.A. Newson, O.S. Abuhajar & K.J.L. Stone Multibillion particle DEM to simulate centrifuge model tests of geomaterials D. Nishiura, H. Sakaguchi & S. Yamamoto Trapdoor model test and DEM simulation associated with arching M. Otsubo, R. Kuwano, U. Ali & H. Ebizuka 4. Scaling Variability of small scale model reinforced concrete and implications for geotechnical centrifuge testing J.A. Knappett, M.J. Brown, L. Shields, A.H. Al-Defae & M. Loli Modelling experiments to investigate soil-water retention in geotechnical centrifuge M. Mirshekari, M. Ghayoomi &A. Borghei Studies on the use of hydraulic gradient similitude method for determining permeability of soils K.T. Mohan Gowda & B.V.S. Viswanadham A new insight into the behaviour of seepage flow in centrifuge modelling W. Ovalle-Villamil & I. Sasanakul Applicability of the generalised scaling law to pile-inclined ground system K. Sawada, K. Ueda & S. Iai Permeability of sand with a methylcellulose solution T. Tobita 5. Sensors Investigation of an OFDR fibre Bragg system for use in geotechnical scale modelling R.D. Beemer, M.J. Cassidy & C. Gaudin Free fall cone tests in kaolin clay A. Bezuijen, D.A. den Hamer, L. Vincke & K. Geirnaert A new shared miniature cone penetrometer for centrifuge testing T. Carey, A. Gavras, B. Kutter, S.K. Haigh, S.P.G. Madabhushi, M. Okamura, D.S. Kim, K. Ueda,W.Y. Hung, Y.G. Zhou, K. Liu, Y.M. Chen, M. Zeghal, T. Abdoun, S. Escoffier & M. Manzari Shear wave velocity measurement in a large geotechnical laminar box using bender elements J. Colletti, A. Tessari, K. Sett, W. Hoffman & J. Coleman Low cost tensiometers for geotechnical applications S.W. Jacobsz A field model investigating pipeline leak detection using discrete fibre optic sensors S.I. Jahnke, S.W. Jacobsz & E.P. Kearsley Development of an instrumented model pile A.B. Lundberg,W. Broere & J. Dijkstra New method for full field measurement of pore water pressures M. Ottolini,W. Broere & J. Dijkstra Ambient pressure calibration for cone penetrometer test: Necessary? Y.Wang, Y. Hu & M.S. Hossain 6. Modelling techniques Development of a rainfall simulator in centrifuge using Modified Mariotte’s principle D. Bhattacherjee & B.V.S. Viswanadham Development of model structural dampers for dynamic centrifuge testing J. Boksmati, S.P.G. Madabhushi & N.I. Thusyanthan Experimental evaluation of two-stage scaling in physical modelling of soil-foundation-structure systems A. Borghei & M. Ghayoomi Development of a window laminar strong box S.C. Chian, C. Qin & Z. Zhang Ground-borne vibrations from piles: Testing within a geotechnical centrifuge G. Cui, C.M. Heron &A.M. Marshall A new Stockwell mean square frequency methodology for analysing centrifuge data J. Dafni & J.Wartman Novel experimental device to simulate tsunami loading in a geotechnical centrifuge M.C. Exton, S. Harry, H.B. Mason, H. Yeh & B.L. Kutter A new apparatus to examine the role of seepage flow on internal instability of model soil F. Gaber & E.T. Bowman Centrifuge model test on the instability of an excavator descending a slope T. Hori & S. Tamate Transparent soils turn 25: Past, present, and future M. Iskander Application of 3D printing technology in geotechnical-physical modelling: Tentative experiment practice Q. Jiang, L.F. Li, M. Zhang & L.B. Song Scaling of plant roots for geotechnical centrifuge tests using juvenile live roots or 3D printed analogues T. Liang, J.A. Knappett, G.J. Meijer, D. MuirWood, A.G. Bengough, K.W. Loades & P.D. Hallett Revisit of the empirical prediction methods for liquefaction-induced lateral spread by using the LEAP centrifuge model tests K. Liu, Y.G. Zhou, Y. She, P. Xia, Y.M. Chen, D.S. Ling & B. Huang Physical modelling of atmospheric conditions during drying C. Lozada, B. Caicedo & L. Thorel Centrifuge model tests on excavation in Shanghai clay using in-flight excavation tools X.F. Ma & J.W. Xu Effect of root spacing on interpretation of blade penetration tests—full-scale physical modelling G.J. Meijer, J.A. Knappett, A.G. Bengough, K.W. Loades & B.C. Nicoll Development of a centrifuge testing method for stability analyses of breakwater foundation under combined actions of earthquake and tsunami J. Miyamoto, K. Tsurugasaki, R. Hem, T. Matsuda & K. Maeda Modelling of rocking structures in a centrifuge I. Pelekis, G.S.P. Madabhushi & M.J. DeJong A new test setup for studying sand behaviour inside an immersed tunnel joint gap R. Rahadian, S. van derWoude, D.Wilschut, C.B.M. Blom &W. Broere 3D printing of masonry structures for centrifuge modelling S. Ritter, M.J. DeJong, G. Giardina & R.J. Mair A mechanical displacem

Andrew McNamara, Sam Divall, Richard Goodey, Neil Taylor, Sarah Stallebrass and Jignasha Panchal work at City, University ofLondon, UK.