Nanomaterial Interactions with Plant Cellular Mechanisms and Macromolecules and Agricultural Implications

This book focuses on the recent progress of nanotechnology with emphasis on the interaction between nanoparticles and plants on the cellular level. It is devoted to understanding the pathways of nanomaterials entry into plant cell and their influence on cellular organelle processes and influence on crop yield. It consists of 16 chapters grouped in 3 parts: Part I Cellular mechanisms, Part II Cellular macromolecules, and Part III Implications of nanomaterials. Chapters present the plant response to nanomaterial applications including morphological, physiochemical, and anatomical changes and their effect on plant growth and productivity. The book discusses the mechanisms of absorbance and translocation of nanoparticles and their interaction with the plant cellular biochemical compounds and organelles. It presents the current perspective of nanomaterials influence on cellular processes which include photosynthesis, photorespiration and pigment synthesis and accumulation. In addition, it provides current understanding of the impact of nanomaterials on cellular macromolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, and antioxidant defense activities. Collectively, these processes and biochemical compounds have implications on crop yield. Chapters are written by globally recognized scientists and subjected to a rigorous review process to ensure quality presentation and scientific precision. Chapter begins with an introduction that covers similar contexts and includes a detailed discussion of the topic accompanied by high-quality color images, diagrams, and relevant details and concludes with recommendations for future study directions.

Professor Jameel M. Al-Khayri is specialized in plant biotechnology and currently affiliated with the Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. He received B.S. in Biology in 1984 from the University of Toledo, M.S. in Agronomy in 1988, and Ph.D. in Plant Science in 1991 from the University of Arkansas. He is a member of the International Society for Horticultural Science and Society for In Vitro Biology as well as the national correspondent of the International Association of Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology. For the last three decades, he dedicated his research efforts to date palm biotechnology. He has authored 85 articles in refereed journals, 60 chapters, and edited 8 journal special issues. In addition, he edited 30 reference books on biotechnology, genetic resources sustainability, advances in breeding strategies, climate change resilience, nutraceuticals, genetic engineering, genome editing, and nanotechnology published by Springer, CRC, and CABI. He has been involved in organizing international scientific conferences and contributed numerous research presentations. In addition to teaching, students advising, and research, he held administrative responsibilities as the assistant director of Date Palm Research Center, head of Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and vice dean for Development and Quality Assurance. Dr. Al-Khayri served as a member of Majlis Ash Shura (Saudi Legislative Council) for the 2009–2012 term. Currently, he is maintaining an active research program on date palm focusing in vitro culture, secondary metabolites production, genetic engineering, and mutagenesis to enhance tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress.

Associate Professor Lina M. Alnaddaf is specialized in biotechnology and molecular biology at the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, Albaath University, Syria. She obtained B.S. in Agricultural Engineering in 2001 from Albaath University, M.S. in field crops in 2010, and Ph.D. in field crops in 2013 from Tishreen University. Her research expertise is dedicated to biotechnology, molecular biology, and nanotechnology. She published 23 research articles in international journals in addition to 6 book chapters. She is reviewer for several international journals on biotechnology and agriculture. She participated in the organizing and scientific committees of local and international scientific conferences and contributed numerous research presentations. In addition to teaching, graduate students advising, and conducting funded research projects, currently she is conducting two research projects on biotechnology and nanotechnology focusing on genetic resources for wheat and using nanoparticles in agriculture, medicine, and the environment. She is interested in the role of biotechnology and nanotechnology in enhancing plant breeding and reduced negative impacts on the environment.

Professor Shri Mohan Jain is a consultant and plant biotechnologist, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. He received M.Phil. in 1973 and Ph.D. in 1978, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. He was a postdoctoral fellow in Israel and USA and a visiting scientist/professor in Japan, Malaysia, Germany, and Italy. He was a technical officer, Plant Breeding and Genetics, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, 1999-2005. He is a member of International Association of Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology; he is an editorial board member of Euphytica, In Vitro, Propagation of Ornamental Plants, Emirates J. Food and Agriculture, and a series on forest biotechnology. His publications are more than 160 in peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, and conference proceedings and edited 55 books; he was an invited speaker and acted as a chairperson in several international conferences worldwide. He was serving at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) when the agency was awarded Nobel Peace Prize, 2005; he is also a former consultant to IAEA, the European Union, the Government of Greneda, Iranian Private Company and the Egyptian Government. Currently, his research interests are somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis, haploidy, somatic cell hybridization, somaclonal variation and mutagenesis mainly in medicinal plants, date palm, and banana genetic improvement, genetic diversity, erosion, conservation, and utilization in the context of climate change and food and nutritional security.