Introduction to Engineering Mechanics A Continuum Approach, Second Edition

Integrated Mechanics Knowledge Essential for Any Engineer Introduction to Engineering Mechanics: A Continuum Approach, Second Edition uses continuum mechanics to showcase the connections between engineering structure and design and between solids and fluids and helps readers learn how to predict the effects of forces, stresses, and strains. The authors’ "continuum checklist" provides a framework for a wide variety of problems in solid and fluid mechanics. The essence of continuum mechanics, the internal response of materials to external loading, is often obscured by the complex mathematics of its formulation. By gradually building the formulations from one-dimensional to two- and three-dimensional, the authors help students develop a physical intuition for solid and fluid behavior and for the very interesting behavior of those materials including many biomaterials, between these extremes. This text is an accessible first introduction to the mechanics of all engineering materials, and incorporates a wide range of case studies highlighting the relevance of the technical content in societal, historical, ethical, and global contexts. It also offers a useful perspective for engineers concerned with biomedical, civil, chemical, mechanical, or other applications. New in the Second Edition: The latest edition contains significantly more examples, problems, and case studies than the first edition. The 22 chapters in this text: Define and present the template for the continuum approach Introduce strain and stress in one dimension, develop a constitutive law, and apply these concepts to the simple case of an axially loaded bar Extend the concepts to higher dimensions by introducing the Poisson’s ratio and strain and stress tensors Apply the continuum sense of solid mechanics to problems including torsion, pressure vessels, beams, and columns Make connections between solid and fluid mechanics, introducing properties of fluids and strain rate tensor Address fluid statics Consider applications in fluid mechanics Develop the governing equations in both control volume and differential forms Emphasize real-world design applications Introduction to Engineering Mechanics: A Continuum Approach, Second Edition provides a thorough understanding of how materials respond to loading: how solids deform and incur stress and how fluids flow. It introduces the fundamentals of solid and fluid mechanics, illustrates the mathematical connections between these fields, and emphasizes their diverse real-life applications. The authors also provide historical context for the ideas they describe and offer hints for future use.

Introduction A Motivating Example: Remodeling an Underwater Structure Newton’s Laws: The First Principles of Mechanics Equilibrium Definition of a Continuum Some Mathematical Basics: Scalars and Vectors Problem-solving Examples Strain and Stress in One Dimension Kinematics: Strain The Method of Sections and Stress Stress–Strain Relationships Limiting Behavior Equilibrium Stress in Axially Loaded Bars Deformation of Axially Loaded Bars Equilibrium of an Axially Loaded Bar Statically Indeterminate Bars Thermal Effects Saint-Venant’s Principle and Stress Concentrations Strain Energy in One Dimension Properties of Engineering Materials A Road Map for Strength of Materials Examples Case Study 1: Collapse of the Kansas City Hyatt Regency Walkways Strain and Stress in Higher Dimensions Poisson’s Ratio The Strain Tensor The Stress Tensor Generalized Hooke’s Law Equilibrium Formulating Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems Examples Applying Strain and Stress in Multiple Dimensions Torsion Pressure Vessels Transformation of Stress and Strain Failure Prediction Criteria Examples Case Study 2: Pressure Vessels Why Pressure Vessels Are Spheres and Cylinders? Why Do Pressure Vessels Fail? Beams Calculation of Reactions Method of Sections: Axial Force, Shear, Bending Moment Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams Integration Methods for Shear and Bending Moment Normal Stresses in Beams and Geometric Properties of Sections Shear Stresses in Beams Examples Case Study 3: Physiological Levers and Repairs The Forearm Is Connected to the Elbow Joint Fixing an Intertrochanteric Fracture Beam Deflections Governing Equation Boundary Conditions Beam Deflections by Integration and by Superposition Discontinuity Functions Beams with Non-Constant Cross-Section Statically Indeterminate Beams Beams with Elastic Supports Strain Energy for Bent Beams Deflections by Castigliano’s Second Theorem Examples Case Study 4: Truss-Braced Airplane Wings Modeling and Analysis What Does Our Model Tell Us? Conclusions Instability: Column Buckling Euler’s Formula Effect of Eccentricity Examples Case Study 5: Hartford Civic Arena Connecting Solid and Fluid Mechanics Pressure Viscosity Surface Tension Governing Laws Motion and Deformation of Fluids Examples Case Study 6: Mechanics of Biomaterials Nonlinearity Composite Materials Viscoelasticity Case Study 7: Engineered Composite Materials Concrete Plastics Ceramics Fluid Statics Local Pressure Force due to Pressure Fluids at Rest Forces on Submerged Surfaces Buoyancy Examples Case Study 8: St. Francis Dam Fluid Dynamics: Governing Equations Description of Fluid Motion Equations of Fluid Motion Integral Equations of Motion Differential Equations of Motion Bernoulli Equation Examples Case Study 9: China’s Three Gorges Dam Fluid Dynamics: Applications How Do We Classify Fluid Flows? What Is Going on Inside Pipes? Why Can an Airplane Fly? Why Does a Curveball Curve? Case Study 10: Living with Water, and the Role of Technological Culture Solid Dynamics: Governing Equations Continuity, or Mass Conservation Newton’s Second Law, or Momentum Conservation Constitutive Laws: Elasticity References Appendix A: Second Moments of Area Appendix B: A Quick Look at the del Operator Appendix C: Property Tables Appendix D: All the Equations Index

Jenn Stroud Rossmann is an associate professor of mechanical engineering at Lafayette College. She earned her BS and PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. Her research interests include the study of blood flow in vessels affected by atherosclerosis and aneurysms. She has a strong commitment to teaching engineering methods and values to non-engineers, and she has developed several courses and workshops for liberal arts majors. Clive L. Dym served as Fletcher Jones Professor of Engineering Design for 21 years, and is now professor emeritus of engineering, at Harvey Mudd College. He earned his BS from Cooper Union and his PhD from Stanford University. His primary interests are in engineering design and structural mechanics. He is the author of 18 books and has edited 11 others, including Analytical Estimates of Structural Behavior (with Harry Williams), CRC Press, 2012. Among his awards are the Merryfield Design Award (ASEE, 2002), the Spira Outstanding Design Educator Award (ASME, 2004), and the Gordon Prize (NAE, 2012). Lori Bassman is a professor of engineering and director of the Laspa Fellowship Program in applied mechanics at Harvey Mudd College. She earned her BSE at Princeton University and her PhD at Stanford. Through a visiting appointment at the University of New South Wales in Australia, she pursues her research in physical metallurgy, and her other research interests include computational modeling of bird flight biomechanics.