Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Contents of the book
1.2 The subject field
1.3 The development of the subject field before the last millennium shift
1.4 Recent developments in gravimetric theory and data
1.5 Reference system, reference frame and datum
2. Basic mathematics
2.1. Least squares adjustment theory
2.2. Least Squares collocation
2.3. Coordinate systems
2.4. Legendre’s polynomials
2.5. Spherical harmonics
2.6. Ellipsoidal harmonics
2.7. Fundamentals of potential theory
2.8. Regularization
Appendix 2.1. Answers to excercises in Chapter 2
3. Classical physical geodesy
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Basic concepts in physical geodesy
3.3. Integral formulas in physical geodesy
3.4. Practical considerations (DITE, DWC, SITE, PITE)3.5. Height systems
Appendix 3.1. Closed form kernels
Appendix 3.2. Solutions to exercises
4. Modern physical geodesy
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The quasigeoid, surface gravity anomaly and disturbance
4.3. Geoid determination by spherical harmonics
4.4. The modified Stokes formula
4.5. Summary of modified Stokes’ formula techniques
4.6. The modified Hotine formula
5. Corrections in geoid determination
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Topographic corrections
5.3. The downward continuation correction
5.4. Atmospheric corrections
5.5. Ellipsoidal corrections
5.6. Corrections in quasigeoid determination
6. Applications and comparisons of LSMSA and RCR
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Geoid determination
6.3. Quasigeoid determination
6.4. A theoretical comparison of the RCR and LSMSA methods
6.5. Practical experiences of LSMSA
6.6. Case studies
6.7. Concluding remarks
References
7. Further tools in physical geodesy
7.1. Quasigeoid determination
7.2. Comparison of geoid and quasigeoid models
7.3. Combinations of gravimetric and geometric geoid solutions
7.4. The determination of W0
7.5. Spectral smoothing and combination
7.6. Applications of atomic clocks in physical geodesy
Appendix
8. Gravity inversion
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Basic formulas in inversion of satellite gravity field models
8.3. Bouguer, no-topography and isostatic gravity anomalies and disturbances
8.4. Isostasy
8.5. Moho determination by Vening Meinesz-Moritz theory
8.6. Tectonic stress in the mantle
8.7. Temporal changes of the gravity field
8.8. Viscosity in the mantle
9. Concluding remarks and outlook
Index
