1. Sultans, Mughals, and pre-colonial Indian society; 2. Mughal twilight: the emergence of regional states and the East India Company; 3. The East India Company Raj, 1772–1850; 4. Revolt, the modern state, and colonized subjects, 1848–85; 5. Civil society, colonial constraints, 1885–1919; 6. The crisis of the colonial order, 1919–39; 7. The 1940s: triumph and tragedy; 8. Congress Raj: democracy and development, 1950–89; 9. Democratic India at the turn of the Millennium: prosperity, poverty, power.