Ion Channel Localization

Since the pioneering discoveries of Hodgkin, Huxley, and Katz, it has been clear that specific ion conductance pathways underlie electrical act- ity. Over the ensuing 50 years, there has been ever increasing, and occasi- ally explosive, changes in the scope of efforts to understand ion channel behavior. The introduction of patch clamp technology by Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann about 20 years ago led to the realization of the great variety of novel ion channel species, and the subsequent revolution in cl- ing has revealed an even greater diversity of the underlying molecular entities. Today, advances in the study of ion channel structure and function c- tinue at a high pace, from angstrom resolution imaging of crystallized ch- nels to their genetic manipulations in animals. In this regard, the field is a balanced one that inquires not only what ion channel entities are there, or how they operate, but also where are these molecular electronic switches? However, this balance is not particularly well presented to the general sci- tific audience or to specialists in the field. There are plenty of wonderful and useful books and monographs, as well as conferences and meetings on v- tually every aspect of ion channel structure and function. However, we are unaware that the channel localization theme has been considered in a u- fied forum.

Part I. Pharmacological Labeling of Ion Channels and Receptors Fluorescent Calcium Antagonists: Tools for Imaging of L-Type Calcium Channels in Living Cells Thomas Budde Targeting Cerebral Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors with Radioligands for Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Studies Daniel W. McPherson GABAA Receptors: Autoradiographic Localization of Different Ligand Sites and Identification of Subtypes of the Benzodiazepine Binding Site Cyrille Sur and John Atack Localization of ATP P2X Receptors Xuenong Bo and Geoffrey Burnstock Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Rat Brain: Autoradiographic Localization Using Two Specific Toxins, Apamin and Scyllatoxin Marc Borsotto Mapping N-Type Calcium Channel Distributions with _-Conotoxins Geula M. Bernstein and Owen T. Jones Fluorescent Imaging of Nicotinic Receptors During Neuromuscular Junction Development Zhengshan Dai and H. Benjamin Peng High Affinity Scorpion Toxins for Studying Potassium and Sodium Channels Lourival D. Possani, Baltazar Becerril, Jan Tytgat, and Muriel Delepierre Part II. Applications of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Technology Bicistronic GFP Expression Vectors as a Tool to Study Ion Channels in Transiently Transfected Cultured Cells Jan Eggermont, Dominique Trouet, Gunnar Buyse, Rudi Vennekens, Guy Droogmans, and Bernd Nilius Confocal Imaging of GFP-Labeled Ion Channels Bryan D. Moyer and Bruce A. Stanton Localization and Quantification of GFP-Tagged Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes Tooraj Mirshahi, Diomedes E. Logothetis, and Massimo Sassaroli Applications of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Technology: Watching Ion Channel Biogenesis in Living Cells Using GFP Fusion Constructs Scott A. John and James N. Weiss Tagging Ion Channels with the Green FluorescentProtein (GFP) as a Method for Studying Ion Channel Function in Transgenic Mouse Models Joseph C. Koster and Colin G. Nichols Mutant GFP-Based FRET Analysis of K+ Channel Organization Elena N. Makhina and Colin G. Nichols Delivering Ion Channels to Mammalian Cells by Membrane Fusion David C. Johns, Uta C. Hoppe, Eduardo Marbán, and Brian O'Rourke Part III. Functional Assays in Ion Channel Localization Detection of Neurons Expressing Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Using Kainate-Induced Cobalt Uptake Cristóvão Albuquerque, Holly S. Engelman, C. Justin Lee, and Amy B. MacDermott Crystallization Technique for Localizing Ion Channels in Living Cells Anatoli N. Lopatin, Elena N. Makhina and Colin G. Nichols Imaging of Localized Neuronal Calcium Influx Fritjof Helmchen Using Caged Compounds to Map Functional Neurotransmitter Receptors Diana L. Pettit and George J. Augustine Part IV. Atomic Force Microscopy Atomic Force Microscopy of Reconstituted Ion Channels Hoeon Kim, Hai Lin, and Ratneshwar Lal Imaging the Spatial Organization of Calcium Channels in Nerve Terminals Using Atomic Force Microscopy Hajime Takano, Marc Porter, and Philip G. Haydon Nanoarchitecture of Plasma Membrane Visualized with Atomic Force Microscopy Hans Oberleithner, Hermann Schillers, Stefan W. Schneider, and Robert M. Henderson Dynamic AFM of Patch Clamped Membranes Kenneth Snyder, Ping C. Zhang, and Frederick Sachs Localizing Ion Channels with Scanning Probe Microscopes: A Perspective Daniel M. Czajkowsky and Zhifeng Shao