Creating Global Shipping Aristotle Onassis, the Vagliano Brothers, and the Business of Shipping, c.1820–1970

Shipping has been the international business par excellence in many national economies, one that preceded trends in other, more highly visible sectors of international economic activity. Nevertheless, in both business or economic history, shipping has remained relatively overlooked. That gap is filled by this exploration of the evolution of European shipping through the study of two Greek shipping firms. They provide a prime example of the regional European maritime businesses that evolved to serve Europe's international trade and, eventually, the global economy. By the end of the twentieth century, Greeks owned more ships than any other nationality. The story of the Vagliano brothers traces the transformation of Greek shipping from local shipping and trading to international shipping and ship management, while the case of Aristotle Onassis reveals how international shipping was transformed into a global business.

1. The European and Greek shipping firm; 2. The Vagliano shipmasters: creating a business empire, 1820s–1850s; 3. An international trading house from Russia to the United Kingdom, 1850s–1880s; 4. The Russian government vs. Mari Vagliano, 1881–1887; 5. The Vagliano fleet and innovation in ship management; 6. Merchant to shipowner: Onassis from Buenos Aires to London and New York, 1923–1946; 7. The Onassis fleet, 1946–1975; 8. The United States government vs. Aristotle Onassis, 1951–1958; 9. Innovation in global shipping: the Onassis business; 10. Diachronic presence: an epilogue.

Gelina Harlaftis is the director of the Institute for Mediterranean Studies of the Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) in Crete, and is professor of maritime history at the Ionian University, Corfu. She was President of the International Maritime Economic History ?ssociation, visiting fellow at All Souls College, Oxford, and an Alfred D. Chandler, Jr, International Visiting Scholar at the Harvard Business School. She has published many books, including Corsairs and Pirates in the Eastern Mediterranean, Fifteenth–Nineteenth Centuries (2016) a collection coedited with Dimitris Dimitropoulos and David J. Starkey.