Cooking Innovations Using Hydrocolloids for Thickening, Gelling, and Emulsification

While hydrocolloids have been used for centuries, it took molecular gastronomy to bring them to the forefront of modern cuisine. They are among the most commonly used ingredients in the food industry, functioning as thickeners, gelling agents, texturizers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. They also have applications in the areas of edible coatings and flavor release. Although there are many books describing hydrocolloids and their industrial uses, Cooking Innovations: Using Hydrocolloids for Thickening, Gelling, and Emulsification is the first scientific book devoted to the unique applications of hydrocolloids in the kitchen, covering both past uses and future innovations. Each chapter addresses a particular hydrocolloid, protein hydrocolloid, or protein-polysaccharide complex. Starting with a brief description of the chemical and physical nature of the hydrocolloid, its manufacture, and its biological/toxicological properties, the emphasis is on practical information for both the professional chef and amateur cook. Each chapter includes recipes demonstrating the particular hydrocolloid's unique abilities in cooking.
Several formulations were chosen specifically for food technologists, who will be able to manipulate them for large-scale use or as a starting point for novel industrial formulations. The book covers the most commonly used hydrocolloids, namely, agar-agar, alginates, carrageenan and furcellaran, cellulose derivatives, curdlan, egg proteins, galactomannans, gelatin, gellan gum, gum arabic, konjac mannan, pectin, starch, and xanthan gum. It also discusses combining multiple hydrocolloids to obtain novel characteristics. This volume serves to inspire cooking students and introduce food technologists to the many uses of hydrocolloids. It is written so that chefs, food engineers, food science students, and other professionals will be able to cull ideas from the recipes and gain an understanding of the capabilities of each hydrocolloid.

Hydrocolloids—Where, Why, and When?IntroductionTerminologyClassificationEconomicsGum Constituents and Their Effects on ProcessingFunctions of Hydrocolloids in Food ApplicationsRegulatory AspectsReferences and Further ReadingAgar–AgarHistorical BackgroundCollection and Processing of Seaweed for AgarTypes of Agar ProductsRegulatory Status and ToxicityStructure of AgarAgar–Agar PropertiesCommercial Food ApplicationsRecipes with Agar–AgarTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingAlginatesHistorical BackgroundSourcesStructureAlginate Sources and ManufactureCommercial CharacteristicsMechanism of Alginate GelationApplicationsRecipes with AlginatesTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingCarrageenan and FurcellaranIntroduction and Historical BackgroundStructureSources and ProductionAccessible Types of GumRegulatory AspectsMolecular Weight and ConsistencySolutions and GelsReactivity with ProteinsApplicationsRecipes with Carrageenan and FurcellaranTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingCellulose DerivativesIntroductionManufactureProperties of Methylcellulose (MC) and Methylhydroxypropylcellulose(MHPC)Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)Food ApplicationsRecipes with Cellulose DerivativesTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingCurdlanHistorical BackgroundProductionChemical StructureRegulatory Status and ToxicityFunctional PropertiesCommercial Food ApplicationsRecipes with CurdlanTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingEgg ProteinsHistorical BackgroundThe Structure of the EggThe Composition of the EggEssential Nutrients and Value of EggsEgg Yolk EmulsionsEgg White FoamsGelsRecipes with EggsTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingGalactomannansIntroductionLocust Bean Gum: Sources, Manufacturing, and LegislationGuar Gum: Sources, Processing, and Regulatory StatusTara GumFenugreek GumGalactomannan StructureGum Solution PropertiesGelation and Interactions of GalactomannansStabilityFood ApplicationsRecipes with GalactomannansTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingGelatinHistorical BackgroundDefinitionsManufacture and SourcesPhysical PropertiesTechnical DataFood Uses and ApplicationsRegulationsRecipes with GelatinTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingGellan GumHistorical BackgroundStructure and Chemical CompositionSource, Production Supply, and Regulatory StatusFunctional PropertiesMechanism of Gelation and Gellan-Gum Gel PropertiesComparison to Other HydrocolloidsFood and Other ApplicationsRecipes with Gellan GumTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingGum ArabicIntroductionCommon Names, Economic Importance, and Distributional RangeGum Arabic ProductionGum Arabic PropertiesGum Chemical CharacteristicsViscosity and Acid StabilityApplications of Gum ArabicRecipes with Gum ArabicTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingKonjac MannanHistorical BackgroundThe Plant and the TuberManufactureStructureTechnical DataFood ApplicationsRecipes with Konjac MannanOkara Konjac RecipesRegulatory StatusTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingPectinIntroductionNomenclatureStructureSources and PropertiesPectin ManufactureCommercial Availability, Specifications, and Regulatory StatusSolution PropertiesViscosityPectin Gel Types and PropertiesApplicationsRecipes with PectinTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingStarchIntroductionVarieties of StarchStructure and CompositionFunctional Properties of Starch SuspensionsStarch Pastes and GelsEffect of Food Ingredients on Starch FunctionalityProperties of Available StarchesCommercial Applications of StarchesRecipes with StarchTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingXanthan GumIntroductionProcessingChemical StructureXanthan Gum SolutionsXanthan Gum InteractionsFood ApplicationsToxicityRecipes with Xanthan GumTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingThe Use of Multiple Hydrocolloids in RecipesSynergistic CombinationsProtein–Polysaccharide Interactions: Conjugates and ComplexesApplicationsRecipes with Multiple HydrocolloidsTips for the Amateur Cook and Professional ChefReferences and Further ReadingGlossaryAlphabetical List of Hydrocolloid Manufacturers and SuppliersIndex

Professor Amos Nussinovitch was born in Kibbutz Megiddo, Israel. He studied chemistry at the University of Tel Aviv, and food engineering and biotechnology at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. He has worked as a food engineer at several companies and has been involved in a number of R&D projects in both the United States and Israel, focusing on the mechanical properties of liquids, semisolids, solids, and powders.He is currently in the Biochemistry and Food Science Department of the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, where he leads a large group of researchers working on theoretical and practical aspects of hydrocolloids. Prof. Nussinovitch is the sole author of five books, the author or coauthor of numerous papers on hydrocolloids and on the physical properties of foods, and an inventor on many related patent applications. Madoka Hirashima, Ph.D., was born in Kyoto, Japan. She studied the rheological properties of curdlan and cornstarch at the Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University. Dr. Hirashima worked at a food company as a new food developer, and then as a lecturer at several colleges. She is currently in Home Economics Education at the Faculty of Education, Mie University, where she teaches cooking as well as cooking science. She continues to study the rheological properties of polysaccharides, with a focus on the textures of starch and konjac products.