Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures

Gain Confidence in Modeling Techniques Used for Complicated Bridge Structures Bridge structures vary considerably in form, size, complexity, and importance. The methods for their computational analysis and design range from approximate to refined analyses, and rapidly improving computer technology has made the more refined and complex methods of analyses more commonplace. The key methods of analysis and related modeling techniques are set out, mainly for highway bridges, but also with some information on railway bridges. Special topics such as strut-and-tie modeling, linear and nonlinear buckling analysis, redundancy analysis, integral bridges, dynamic/earthquake analysis, and bridge geometry are also covered. The material is largely code independent. The book is written for students, especially at MSc level, and for practicing professionals in bridge design offices and bridge design authorities worldwide. Effectively Analyze Structures Using Simple Mathematical Models Divided into three parts and comprised of 18 chapters, this text: Covers the methods of computational analysis and design suitable for bridge structures Provides information on the methods of analysis and related modeling techniques suitable for the design and evaluation of various types of bridges Presents material on a wide range of bridge structural types and is fairly code independent Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures covers the general aspects of bridges, bridge behavior and the modeling of bridges, and special topics on bridges. This text explores the physical meanings behind modeling, and reveals how bridge structures can be analyzed using mathematical models.

Part I General Introduction History of bridges Bridge types and design process Loads and load factors Current development of analysis and design of bridges Outlook on analysis and design of bridges Approximate and refined analysis methods Introduction Various bridge structural forms Approximate analysis methods Plane frame analysis method Refined analysis methods Different types of bridges with their selected mathematical modeling Numerical methods in bridge structure analysis Introduction Finite element method Automatic time incremental creep analysis method Influence line/surface live loading method Part II Bridge behavior and modeling Reinforced concrete bridges Introduction Concrete and steel material properties Behavior of nonskewed/skewed concrete beam–slab bridges Principle and modeling of concrete beam–slab bridges 2D and 3D illustrated examples: Three-span continuous skewed concrete slab bridges 2D and 3D illustrated examples: RC T-beam bridge 3D illustrated examples: Skewed simple-span transversely post-tensioned adjacent precast-concrete slab bridges—Knoxville Bridge, Frederick, Maryland Prestressed/post-tensioned concrete bridges Prestressing basics Principle and modeling of prestressing 2D illustrated example of a prototype prestressed/post-tensioned concrete bridge in the United States 3D illustrated example of a double-cell post-tensioning concrete bridge—Verzasca 2 bridge, Switzerland 3D illustrated example of US23043 precast prestressed concrete beam bridge—Maryland Illustrated example of a three-span prestressed box-girder bridge Illustrated example of long-span concrete cantilever bridges—Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China Curved concrete bridges Basics of curved concrete bridges Principle and modeling of curved concrete bridges Spine model illustrated examples of Pengpo Interchange, Henan, People’s Republic of China Grillage model illustrated examples—FHWA Bridge No. 4 185 3D finite element model illustrated examples—NCHRP case study bridge Straight and curved steel I-girder bridges Behavior of steel I-girder bridges Principle and modeling of steel I-girder bridges 2D and 3D illustrated example of a haunched steel I-girder bridge—MD140 Bridge, Maryland 2D and 3D illustrated example of a curved steel I-girder bridge—Rock Creek Trail Pedestrian Bridge, Maryland 2D and 3D illustrated example of a skewed and kinked steel I-girder bridge with straddle bent 2D and 3D illustrated example of a global and local modeling of a simple-span steel I-girder bridge—I-270 Middlebrook Road Bridge, Germantown, Maryland Straight and curved steel box girder bridges Behavior of steel box girder bridges Principle and modeling of steel box girder bridges 2D and 3D illustrated examples of a straight box girder bridge 2D and 3D illustrated examples of a curved box girder bridge—Metro bridge over I495, Washington, DC 2D and 3D illustrated examples of three-span curved box girder bridge—Estero Parkway Bridge, Lee County, Florida Arch bridges Introduction Construction of arch bridges Principle and analysis of arch bridges Modeling of arch bridges 3D illustrated example of construction analyses—Yajisha Bridge, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China 3D illustrated example of a proposed tied-arch bridge analyses—Linyi, People’s Republic of China 3D illustrated example of an arch bridge—Liujiang Yellow River Bridge, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China Steel truss bridges Introduction Behavior of steel truss bridges Principle and modeling of steel truss bridges 3D illustrated example—Pedestrian pony truss bridge 2D illustrated example—Tydings Bridge, Maryland 3D illustrated example—Francis Scott Key Bridge, Maryland 3D illustrated examples—Shang Xin Bridge, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China Cable-stayed bridges Basics of cable-stayed bridges Behavior of cable-stayed bridges Construction control Principle and modeling of cable-stayed bridges Illustrated example of Sutong Bridge, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China Illustrated example with dynamic mode analysis of Panyu Bridge, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China Illustrated example with dynamic mode analysis of long cables with crossties Suspension bridges Basics of suspension bridges Construction of suspension bridges Behavior of suspension bridges Principle and modeling of suspension bridges 3D illustrated example of Chesapeake Bay Suspension Bridge, Maryland Part III Special topics of bridges Strut-and-tie modeling Principle of strut-and-tie model Hand-calculation example of STM 2D illustrated example 1—Abutment on pile 2D illustrated example 2—Walled pier 2D illustrated example 3—Crane beam 2D/3D illustrated example 4—Hammerhead Pier of Thomas Jefferson Bridge 2D illustrated example 5—Integral bent cap Alternate compatibility STM and 2D illustrated example 6—Cracked deep bent cap Stability Basics of structural stability Buckling FEM approach of stability analysis 3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a pony truss, Pennsylvania 3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a standard simple arch rib 3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a proposed tied-arch bridge—Linyi, People’s Republic of China 3D illustrated example with nonlinear stability analysis of a cable-stayed bridge, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China Redundancy analysis Basics of bridge redundancy Principle and modeling of bridge redundancy analysis 3D example with redundancy analysis of a pony truss, Pennsylvania 3D redundancy analysis under blast loading of a PC beam bridge, Maryland 3D analysis under blast loading of a steel plate girder bridge, Maryland Integral bridges Basics of integral bridges Principle and analysis of IABs Modeling of IABs Illustrated example of a steel girder bridge in soil spring finite element model Illustrated example of a steel girder bridge in 3D soil continuum finite element model Dynamic/earthquake analysis Basics of dynamic analysis Principle of bridge dynamic analysis Modeling of bridge for dynamic analysis 3D illustrated example of earthquake analysis by SPA, MPA, and NL-THA—FHWA Bridge No. 4536 3D illustrated example of a high-pier bridge subjected to oblique incidence seismic waves—Pingtang bridge, People’s Republic of China Bridge geometry Introduction Roadway curves Curve calculations Curve and surface tessellation Bridge deck point calculations Precast segmental bridge geometry control Trend of bridge computer modeling and visualization References Index

Chung C. Fu, PhD, PE, FASCE, is research professor and bridge consultant, and director of the Bridge Engineering Software and Technology (BEST) Center at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. His publications include 50 referred publications, 20 publications, more than 100 presentations and conference proceedings, and 50 public technical reports. His areas of expertise cover all types of structural engineering, bridge engineering, earthquake engineering, computer application in structures, finite element analysis, ultra high-performance concrete, steel and composite applications, including fiber-reinforced polymer and high-performance steel for innovative bridge research and construction, bridge management, testing (material and structural), and nondestructive evaluation applications. Shuqing Wang, PhD, PE, is a senior GIS specialist on contract with the Federal Highway Administration; research fellow/bridge consultant in bridge software development and structural analysis at the BEST Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and former director of the Bridge CAD Division at the Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, People’s Republic of China. His areas of expertise span from leading-edge software technologies to bridge engineering practices, especially modern bridge modeling and structural analysis system development. His research interests now focus on visualizing structural behavior in real time and representing bridge geometric and mechanics models in three dimensions.