What the Face Reveals Basic and Applied Studies of Spontaneous Expression Using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

While we have known for centuries that facial expressions can reveal what people are thinking and feeling, it is only recently that the face has been studied scientifically for what it can tell us about internal states, social behavior, and psychopathology. Today's widely available,
sophisticated measuring systems have allowed us to conduct a wealth of new research on facial behavior that has contributed enormously to our understanding of the relationship between facial expression and human psychology. The chapters in this volume present the state-of-the-art in this research.
They address key topics and questions, such as the dynamic and morphological differences between voluntary and involuntary expressions, the relationship between what people show on their faces and what they say they feel, whether it is possible to use facial behavior to draw distinctions among
psychiatric populations, and how far research on automating facial measurement has progressed. The book also includes follow-up commentary on all of the original research presented and a concluding integration and critique of all the contributions made by Paul Ekman.
As an essential reference for all those working in the area of facial analysis and expression, this volume will be indispensable for a wide range of professionals and students in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and behavioral medicine.

Part I - Basic Research Emotion
1 - Is the Startle Reaction an Emotion?
2 - The Asymmetry of Facial Actions is Inconsistent with Models of Hemispheric Specialization
3 - Coherence Between Expressive and Experiential Systems in Emotion
4 - Will the Real Relationship between Facial Expression and Affective Experience Please Stand Up: The Case of Exhilaration
5 - Extroversion, Alcholo, and Enjoyment
6 - Signs of Appeasement: Evidence for the Distinct Displays of Embarrassment, Amusement, and Shame
7 - Genuine, Suppressed, and Faked Facial Behavior During Exacerbation of Chronic Low Back Pain
8 - The Consistency of Facial Expressions of Pain: A Comparison Across Modalities
9 - Smiles When Lying
10 - Behavioral Markers and Recognizability of the Smile of Enjoyment
11 - Components and Recognition of Facial Expression in the Communications of Emotion by Actors
12 - Differentiating Emotiom Elicited and Deliberate Emotional Facial Expression
13 - Japanese and American Infants' Responses to Arm Restraint
14 - Differential Facial Responses to Four Basic Tastes in Newborns
15 - All Smiles are Positive, But Some Smiles are More Positive than Others
16 - Signal Characteristics of Spontaneous Facial Expression: Automatic Movement in Solitary and Social Smiles
17 - Automated Face Analysis by Feature Point Tracking has High Concurrent Validity with Manual FACS Coding
18 - Towards Automatic Recognition of Spontaneous Facial Actions
Part II - Applied Research
19 - Facial Expression in Affective Disorders
20 - Emotional Experience and Expression in Schizophrenia and Depression
21 - Interaction Regulations Used by Schizophrenic and Psychosomatic Patients; Studies on Facial Behavior in Dyadic Interactions
22 - Nonverbal Expression of Psychological States in Psychiatric Patients
23 - Depression and Suicide Faces
24 - Prototypical Affective Microsequences in Psychotherapeutic Interactions
25 - Facial Expressions of Emotion and Psychopathology in Adolescent Boys
26 - Type A Behavior Pattern: Facial Behavior and Speech Components
27 - Linkages between Facial Expressions of Anger and Transient Myocardial Ischemia in Men with Coronary Artery Disease
28 - Effects of Smoking Opportunity on Cue-Elicited Urge: A Facial Coding Analysis

Paul Ekman was a Professor of Psychology for 32 years in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California at San Francisco. He also served as chief psychologist in the U.S. Army, Fort Dix New Jersey from 1958-1960. His interests have focused on two separate, but related topics: He originally focused on nonverbal behavior, and by the mid-60s concentrated on the expression and physiology of emotion. His other interest is interpersonal deception. His research program was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the DOD, loosely affiliated with UCSF. His many honors have included the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award of the American Psychological Association in 1991, and an honorary doctor of humane letters from the University of Chicago in 1994. Dr. Ekman retired from UCSF in 2004.