Wastewater and Shale Formation Development Risks, Mitigation, and Regulation

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. The number of tight oil and shale gas wells continues to rise primarily in the US, but also worldwide. The US has vast reserves of oil and natural gas, which now are commercially reachable as a result of advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies. But as hydraulic fracturing is increasingly used, concerns have been raised about potential stress on surface water and groundwater supplies from the withdrawal of water used in the process. Equally important is the growing volume of wastewater generated from hydraulically fractured oil and gas wells, requiring recycling, treatment, and disposal. Wastewater and Shale Formation Development: Risks, Mitigation, and Regulation examines four major issues, taking a scientific look from different perspectives at water use in shale gas development, potential environmental effects of wastewater from fracking, how to mitigate potential risks associated with wastewater from shale development, and regulatory approaches to the wastewater management problemWith chapters from researchers in the field, this compendium volume sheds light on the important issues and challenges surrounding natural gas extraction using hydraulic fracturing and may be of interest to researchers and public policymakers alike.

Introduction Part I: Water Use and Wastewater Production in Shale Gas DevelopmentSource and Fate of Hydraulic Fracturing Water in the Barnett Shale: A Historical PerspectiveJean-Philippe Nicot, Bridget R. Scanlon, Robert C. Reedy, and Ruth A. CostleyThe Fate of Injected Water in Shale FormationsHongtao Jia, John McLennan, and Milind DeoSpatial and Temporal Correlation of Water Quality Parameters of Produced Waters from Devonian-Age Shale following Hydraulic FracturingElise Barbot, Natasa S. Vidic, Kelvin B. Gregory, and Radisav D. VidicPart 2: Potential Environmental Effects of Fracking WastewaterShale Gas Development Impacts on Surface Water Quality in PennsylvaniaSheila M. Olmstead, Lucija A. Muehlenbachs, Jhih-Shyang Shih, Ziyan Chu, and Alan J. KrupnickGeochemical and Isotopic Variations in Shallow Groundwater in Areas of the Fayetteville Shale Development, North-Central ArkansasNathaniel R. Warner, Timothy M. Kresse, Phillip D. Hays, Adrian Down, Jonathan D. Karr, Robert B. Jackson, and Avner VengoshRadionuclides in Fracking Wastewater: Managing a Toxic BlendValerie J. BrownPart 3: The Quest for MitigationOptimal Well Design for Enhanced Stimulation Fluids Recovery and Flowback Treatment in the Marcellus Shale Gas Development using Integrated TechnologiesRichard Olawoyin, Christian Madu and Khaled EnabCo-Precipitation of Radium with Barium and Strontium Sulfate and Its Impact on the Fate of Radium during Treatment of Produced Water from Unconventional Gas ExtractionTieyuan Zhang, Kelvin Gregory, Richard W. Hammack, and Radisav D. VidicPart 4: Fracking Wastewater RegulationsRegulation of Water Pollution from Hydraulic Fracturing in Horizontally-Drilled Wells in the Marcellus Shale Region, USAHeather Hatzenbuhler and Terence J. CentnerReflecting Risk: Chemical Disclosure and Hydraulic FracturingSara GosmanHydraulic Fracturing: Paving the Way for a Sustainable Future?Jiangang Chen, Mohammed H. Al-Wadei, Rebekah C. M. Kennedy, and Paul D. TerryIndex

Sheila Olmstead, PhD, joined the LBJ School as an associate professor of public affairs in 2013. Before joining the LBJ School, Olmstead was a Fellow (2010-2013) and Senior Fellow (2013) at Resources for the Future in Washington, DC, as well as an assistant professor of environmental economics at the Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (2002–2007) and an associate professor (2007–2010), where she was the recipient of three teaching awards. Dr. Olmstead is an environmental economist whose current research projects examine the environmental externalities associated with shale gas development in the United States, regulatory avoidance under the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act, the influence of federal fire suppression policy on land development in the American West, and free-riding in dam placement and water withdrawals in transboundary river basins. She has worked extensively on the economics of water resource management, focusing on water demand estimation, water conservation policy, and access to drinking water services among low-income communities. Climate and energy policy are additional topics of her research, especially with regard to the application of market-based environmental policy instruments.