Visual Communication Integrating Media, Art, and Science

This visual literacy text introduces the application of intuitive intelligence to a visual context. For students in visual literacy & visual communication courses.

A well-rounded education in the 21st century requires not just verbal and mathematical proficiency, but also the ability to interpret, critique, create, and use visual communication on sophisticated levels. In today’s visual world, it is critically important to hold an appreciation for the profound effects imagery has on individuals and the communities in which they live.Visual Communication focuses on cultivating visual and media literacy from both consumption and production points of view and introduces students to the application of intuitive intelligence to a visual context. Innovative in its field, it provides a solid theoretical overview of the most advanced thinking and research about visual communication, teaching readers how to apply theory to enhance their understanding of and work with images.This book is intended for students in visual literacy and communication courses. It can also be used in photojournalism courses and other coursework with a visual component. Individuals interested in mass media studies will likewise find the book to be a worthwhile read.

CONTENTS PREFACE. Knowing Before Words . . . xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . xxi INTRODUCTION. The Integrative Mind . . . 3 Clarifying Terms Visual Intelligence Musical Intelligence Psychological Intelligence Physiological Intelligence Understanding a Key Point PART I. Vision and Intelligence. Understanding Intelligence as Intuitive and Rational . . . 11 CHAPTER ONE. Seeking Dynamic Balance: The Shaman, The Scientist, and the Theologian . . . 13 She-Bear: The Power of Integrating Visual and Verbal Communication A Theory of Integrative Mind Table 1. Key Terms Table 2. Key Ideas Table 3. Primary Intuitive & Rational Cognitive Processes CREATIVE ONE. The Intimate Eye: Accessing Your Inner Vision Through Creative Visualization . . . 23 The Goal: Enhancing Your Creative Abilities CHAPTER TWO. Abu Rocks: Integrating Perceptual and Conceptual Realities . . . 35 CREATIVE TWO. Visualizing a Personal Symbolic Portrait . . . 45 The Goal: Creative Problem Solving CHAPTER THREE. Art and Personal Development: The Quest for Balance . . . 53 Art and the Integrated Individual The Stages of Artistic Development CREATIVE THREE. The Perceptual to Conceptual Leap: First Drawings . . . 69 The Goal: Creative Decision Making CHAPTER FOUR. Overcoming Intuitive Illiteracy: Accessing Your Whole Mind . . . 73 Repetition Techniques & Perception Rational Bias & Visual Response The Second Nature of Consciousness CREATIVE FOUR. The Yin/Yang of Drawing: Drawing Contours, Not Features . . . 85 The Goal: Integrating Ways of Seeing and Knowing CHAPTER FIVE. Ulysses in His Right Mind: The Historical Intuitive Mind . . . 99 Julian Jaynes: The Bicameral Mind & the Ancient Intuitive Mind Bogen & Sperry and Distinctive Cognitive Processing CREATIVE FIVE. Drawing the Figure: One Contour, One Space at a Time . . . 107 The Goal: Drawing What You See CHAPTER SIX. Multiple Intelligences and Nonconscious Biases: The Contemporary Intuitive Mind . . . 113 Howard Gardner:Multiple Intelligence Theory Table 4. Comparison of Integrative Mind and Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences The Nature of Holistic Processing Damasio: Nonconscious Mind and Behavior Table 5. Visual/Spatial Intelligence Table 6. Intrapersonal Intelligence Table 7. Interpersonal Intelligences Table 8. Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence Table 9. Musical Intelligence Table 10. Naturalist Intelligence Table 11. Complementary/Parallel Systems of Knowing Bringing It All Together CREATIVE SIX. Bringing It All Together: Drawing for Real . . . 129 The Goal: Seeing Results of Cognitive Balance PART II. Visual Illiteracy and Education. What We Don’t Learn . . . 131 CHAPTER SEVEN. The Square Peg and the Round Hole: Education and Intuitive Intelligence . . . 133 The Contemporary Vision Cultivating the Intuitive The Rational Side of Visual Literacy The Intuitive Side of Visual Literacy The Need for an Integrative New Approach Table 12. Omniphasic Visual Literacy Beyond Visual Literacy: A Holistic Approach to Being, Seeing, Knowing, and Creating In Conclusion Table 13. Summary of Theories Relevant to Omniphasism CREATIVE SEVEN. Designing Shapes: Concept in Visual Form . . . 153 The Goal: Communicating Concepts Visually CHAPTER EIGHT. Visions in Voice: Language and the Intuitive Mind . . . 159 Visions in Voice Written Language On Sounds and Signs Words as Balanced Ways of Knowing The Sounds of Words The Form of the Presentation Conclusion CREATIVE EIGHT . The Visual Word: Giving Vision to Voice . . . 177 The Goal: Integrating Visual and Verbal CHAPTER NINE. Insight Out: Dreams and the Nonconscious Mind . . . 181 An Example The Role of Dreams in Human Knowing Miguel de Cervantes: Another Great Dreamer What Science Has to Say Historical Foundations of Dreams Contemporary Research about Dreams CREATIVE NINE. Dream Visions: Insight Out . . . 197 The Goal: Understanding Mental Imagery CHAPTER TEN. Sharing the Vision: Photography as a Medium of Balance . . . 203 Photographic Truth Technique in Photography The Still Camera Film, Film Speed, and Digital Ratings Photography and Light Contrast Direction Color Camera Controls Shutter Speed Controls Light and Motion F/Stop Controls Light and Depth of Field Working Shutter Speed and F/Stop Together Lenses Adding Light Tripods Constantly Changing Technology CREATIVE TEN. Image Insights: Photography from the Inside Out . . . 233 The Goal: Translating Seeing into Images CHAPTER ELEVEN. Designing for Meaning . . . 241 The Basic Elements Point Line Plane/Shape Volume Frame Summary of Key Points The Core Principles Contrast Rhythm Balance Proportion Additional Terms of Graphic Structure Movement Center of Interest Rule of Thirds Scale Spatiality Perspective Light and Color Context Tying it All Together Principles of the Gestalt Unity Cultural Biases CREATIVE ELEVEN. Graphic Visions: Looking for Meaning . . . 263 The Goal: Understanding the Frame CHAPTER TWELVE. Embedded Meanings: Learning to Look Behind the Mirrors and Beyond the Windows . . . 273 Culture and Making Sense of What We See Traditional Ways to Study Visuals Other Methods to Study Visuals Six Perspectives Conclusion CREATIVE TWELVE. Thinking Systematically about Images . . . 293 The Goal: Focusing on the Rational PART III. The Public as Art and Image. The Academy, The Media, and Visual Persuasion . . . 295 CHAPTER THIRTEEN. Stopping Time and Framing Space . . . 297 Still Media Defined Formats of the Frame Designing Well Within the Frame Characteristics of Type Parts of a Letterform Type Groups Other Terms Practical Guidelines for Effective Design More than Appearances CREATIVE THIRTEEN. Personal Impact Assessment: Understanding Images from Intuitive and Rational Perspectives . . . 323 The Goal: Understanding How Still Images Communicate CHAPTER FOURTEEN. Images That Move and Sound . . . 333 Moving Media: Transcending Time & Space The Body as Moving Image Technological History Basic Elements of Moving Images Light and Color Two-Dimensional Space Three-Dimensional Space Time and Motion Sound Returning to Content CREATIVE FOURTEEN. Film Clip Analysis . . . 359 The Goal: Understanding How Moving Images Communicate CHAPTER FIFTEEN. Living at the Speed of Mind: Old Media–New Media . . . 365 What Does All This Mean? What Do We Know? Layout Images Ads Multimedia Reconceptualizing Media Studies CREATIVE FIFTEEN. Communicating the Story of a Person . . . 389 The Goal: To tell a story visually with supporting words CHAPTER SIXTEEN. The Thousand Year Project . . . 397 Synthesis The Larger Problem From Ulysses to Artificial Intelligence The Other Side of the Problem The Plan Table 14: The Key Ideas An Eye to the Future Conclusion AFTERWORD. Ecology in Paradise . . . 417 CONTRIBUTORS . . . 421 REFERENCES . . . 425 SUGGESTED READINGS . . . 433 INDEX OF TERMS BY CHAPTER/CREATIVE . . . 437 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. . .443 COLOR PLATES. . .449

Rick Williams is Chair of the Division of the Arts at Lane Community College in Eugene, OR. Julianne Newton is Associate Professor of Visual Communication in the School of Journalism andCommunication at the University of Oregon.