Urban Quay Walls Maritime Structures

Since the thirteenth century, quay walls of significant retaining height have been built in the Netherlands in urban environments. Over time, structural revisions were often carried out due to excessive deformations or the use of increasingly larger and deeper vessels. These historic quay walls were seldom designed for the current functional requirements they are subjected to. These mostly older quay walls require more maintenance and revisions to secure a certain degree of safety. In some cases they need to be demolished and completely rebuilt. Urban Quay Walls offers safety protocols and a clear approach on how to inspect, design and maintain urban quay walls. The book offers: - an insight on the development of urban quay walls; - a description of the main forms (as used in The Netherlands); - quicksteps for the inspection of existing quay walls. Urban Quay Walls presents a proposal for a uniform and standardised method to verify the actual state of current quay walls in urban environments. This handbook presents an overview of the development of urban quay walls over the course of time and describes the main types in use in the Netherlands. Subsequently, a method is presented for deciding whether or not a historic quay wall needs to be renovated, renewed or maintained.

1 Introduction1.1 General 1.2 Functional requirements 1.3 Main forms2 Management, maintenance and inventory 2.1 Introduction2.1.1 Asset management2.1.2 Technical management 2.1.3 Functional management 2.2 Management philosophy2.2.1 Quality ambitions 2.2.2 Rational management 2.2.3 Integral management2.2.4 Planned management2.2.5 Safe management2.3 Management tasks2.3.1 Advising2.3.2 Damage settlement2.3.3 File management2.3.4 Inspecting and testing2.4 Maintenance2.4.1 Failure maintenance2.4.2 Periodic maintenance2.4.3 Project-based maintenance2.5 Inventory2.5.1 In general2.5.2 Terms of Reference2.5.3 Critical structural components2.5.4 Condition measurement, degradation, and damage2.5.5 Listed building assessment 2.5.6 Flora and fauna2.5.7 Connecting structures2.5.8 Cables and pipes2.6 Degradation and choice of building materials2.6.1 Introduction2.6.2 Degradation wooden pile foundation2.6.3 Degradation steel sheet pile walls3 Inspection3.1 Introduction3.1.1 Classification inspections3.1.2 Inspection plan3.1.3 Working with a diving team3.1.4 Useful measurement equipment 3.1.5 Inspection report contents3.2 Basic geometrics of inspection (class 0)3.2.1 In general3.2.2 Retaining wall on spread foundations (type 1)3.2.3 Retaining wall on pile foundations (types 2 and 3)3.2.4 Sheet pile structure (type 4)3.3 Deformation measurements (class 1a)3.4 Visual inspection (class 1b)3.4.1 Inspection3.4.2 Points of attention inspection 3.5 Description of technical inspection methods (class 2 and class 3)3.5.1 Technical inspection of brickwork3.5.2 Technical inspection of wooden foundation piles3.5.3 Inspection steel sheet pile3.5.4 Inspection of concrete 4 Testing and consideration framework 4.1 Introduction4.2 Loads in urban areas4.2.1 Introduction 4.2.2 Water level differences between harbour water and groundwater4.2.3 Traffic load4.2.4 Load caused by tree roots4.3 Test method 4.3.1 Introduction4.3.2 Reference period and residual lifetime4.3.3 Standards4.3.4 Length effects4.3.5 Proven strength4.3.6 Geometrics4.3.7 Non-structural elements4.4 Testing4.4.1 Simple testing4.4.2 Detailed testing4.4.3 Advanced testing4.5 Adjusting test criteria4.6 Disqualification assessment4.7 Consideration5 Repair or new structure5.1 Introduction 5.2 Reliability assessment5.2.1. Reliability class5.2.2. Design approach 5.2.3. Reliability methods5.2.4. Influence parameters and partial factors 5.3 Structural calculation5.3.1 Calculation steps5.3.2 Mathematical models5.3.3. Behaviour of the current structure 5.4 New structures and repair of listed buildings5.4.1 Introduction5.5 Effects of renovations and new structures5.6.1 Reconstruction Conradkade in The Hague along the tram line5.6.2 Reconstruction Rijnkade in Arnhem6 Construction6.1 In general6.2 Types of contracts6.3 Alignment of design and construction6.4 Construction aspects6.5 Construction risks6.6 Interface and environment6.6.1 In general6.6.2 Nuisance caused by method of construction6.6.3 Preventive precautions6.6.4 Communication with Third PartiesAppendix 1 Flowchart survey method Appendix 2 Valuation chart listed building value Appendix 3 Partial factors - new structuresAppendix 4 Partial factors - repair/renovation Appendix 5 Partial factors – existing structuresAppendix 6 Literature

SBRCURnet is an independent knowledge network for the entire Dutch building industry. The knowledge and tools that SBRCURnet develops and provides, help corporate professionals and governments improve their skillsets and their business in both civil engineering and house building. SBRCURnet initiates and coordinates joint research projects with both public bodies and private companies. By initiating, organizing and publishing about these innovative solutions, SBRCURnet stimulates the further development of the entire industry. We do this because we believe that innovation is best stimulated by sharing knowledge and working together. Our focus is to link organizations in developing new knowledge on current issues. SBRCURnet issues approximately 500 publications about best practices and innovative building issues. Most of our research projects and activities result in the publication of guidance documents, many of which have been adopted as the standard for excellence in their respective areas.Although generally published in Dutch, some of our best publications (handbooks) are also published in English, for an international public. Edited by A.A. Roubos (Municipality of Rotterdam) and D. Grotegoed (Ballast Nedam Engineering).