Toroidal Metamaterials Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications

This book provides an overview of the use of toroidal moments. This includes methods of excitation, numerical analysis, and experimental measurements of associating structures. Special emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamental physics, characteristics, and real-world applications of toroidal multipoles.

This book also covers a variety of both planar and 3D meta-atom and metamolecule schemes capable to sustain toroidal moments across a wide range of spectrum. It discusses the implementation of innovative approaches, for exploring the spectral features and excitation methodologies, predicting the properties of the correlating metasystems in their excited states.

An applicable text for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students, this book is also of interest to researchers, theorizers, and experimentalists working in optical physics, photonics, and nanotechnology.

1. Introduction and Overview

1.1. The History of Light and Matter 

1.2. The History of Light-Matter Interactions

1.3. The Discovery and Properties of Artificial Media

References

2. Classical Electromagnetics

2.1. Fundamental Principles of Static Electromagnetics

2.1.1. Coulomb’s and Gauss’s Laws

2.1.2. Biot-Savart and Ampère’s Laws

2.1.3. The Lorentz Force

2.2. Equations for Static Fields

2.3. Fundamental Principles of Dynamic Electromagnetics

2.3.1. Maxwell’s Equations in Vacuum

2.3.2. Maxwell’s Equations in Macroscopic Media

2.4. The Electric Dipole

2.4.1. Multipole Expansion and Electric Multipoles

2.4.2. The Dipole and Quadrupole Potentials

2.5. Magnetic Multipoles

2.6. Unconventional Multipoles

2.6.2. Dynamic Toroidal Multipoles

2.6.3. Dynamic Anapoles

References

3. Expansion of Electromagnetic Multipoles

3.1. Debye Potentials

3.2. Electromagnetic Radiations of Toroidal Solenoids

3.2.1. The Multipole Decomposition

3.2.2. The Dynamic Toroidal Multipoles

3.2.3. The Long Wavelength Regime

3.2.4. The Magnetostatic Regime

3.2.5. The Point Source Regime

References

4. Physical Mechanism Behind the Toroidal Multipoles

4.1. Defining the Problem

4.1.1. Potentials and Fields of a General Source

4.1.2. Fields at Far Distances

4.2. Radiation Intensity

4.3. Angular Momentum Loss.

4.4. Recoil Force

4.5. The Connection between Cartesian and Spherical Components of the First Multipoles

References

5. Toroidal Excitations in Metamaterials

5.1. Toroidal Excitations in 3D Artificial Media

5.2. Toroidal Multipoles in Planar Artificial Media

References

6. Toroidal Metadevices

6.1. Photodetection: Enhancing the Responsivity Performance

6.2. Nonlinear Lasing: Deep Ultraviolet Source

6.3. Immunosensors: Beyond Conventional Detection Limits

6.4. Plexciton Dynamics: Intensifying Ultrastrong Coupling

References