Thermodynamics and Energy Systems Analysis Volume 2, Solved Problems and Exercises

This book illustrates the basic concepts of phenomenological thermodynamics and how to move from theory to practice by considering problems in the fields of thermodynamics and energy-systems analysis. Many subjects are handled from an energetics or exergetics angle: calorimeters, evaporators, condensers, flow meters, sub or supersonic nozzles, ejectors, compressors, pumps, turbines, combustion processes, heaters, smoke stacks, cooling towers, motors, turbo-reactors, heat pumps, air conditioning, thermo-electrical generators, energy storage, and more.

Preface
Tribute to a great thermodynamicist Professor Lucien Borel
Generalities and fundamental laws
Cooling of a copper piece
Shock of a container against a wall
Work transfer relative to a closed system
Mechanical power of a steam turbine
Water power brake
Irreversibility in a cooled compressor
Irreversibility in a heat transmitter (heat exchanger)
Cooling at constant pressure
Oxidation of glucose
Work and heat transfer relative to a closed system
Car battery
Slowing down of a car
Irreversibility during heating
Closed systems and general thermodynamic relations
Polytropic compression
Thermal factors
Polytropic factor
Isochoric speci_c heat
Entropy change of a gas
Enthalpy and entropy changes of a liquid
Shock of a sphere in freefall
Fundamental relations between state functions
Compression of oxygen according to di_erent paths
Compression of air under di_erent conditions
Filling of a bottle
Expansion without dissipation
Experiment of Torricelli
Relations of Maxwell
Isothermal compression
Balances of extensive entities
Water dispenser
Weighing of a receiver with ows
Mixture of two liquid jets
Emptying of a reservoir
Propulsion of a boat
Launch of a rocket
Pipe link
Reaction force on a bent pipeline
Thrust of a turboreactor
Open systems in steady-state operation
Stack of a thermal power plant
Central heating plant of a building
Inating the tube of a tire
Supercharging system of a Diesel engine
Radial compressor
Inlet di_user of a turboreactor
Pitot tube
Flow in a channel of constant section
Flow in a simple nozzle
Flow in a Laval nozzle
Curtis turbine
Single- or multi-stage compression
Expansion in a turbine
Compression system
Prandtl tube
Dimensioning of a Laval nozzle
Mass ow measurement with an ori_ce
Thermodynamic properties of matter
State function of a perfect gas
Experiment of Gay-Lussac-Joule
Joule-Thomson expansion
Irreversible expansion of a perfect gas
Reversible expansions of a perfect gas
Work relative to an isothermal expansion
Isochoric heating of water
Equations of state
Fusion by compression
Calori_c measurements
Ejector
Joule-Thomson expansion of water (in liquid phase)
Kinetic theory of gases
Earth atmosphere
Equilibrium of a balloon
Isobaric heating and partial vaporisation of water
Isochoric heating and isobaric cooling of a perfect gas
Heat of vaporisation
Mixture of ideal or perfect gases
Characteristics of a town gas
Compression of a mixture of nitrogen and of argon
Heating and compression of combustion gas
Mixture of gas owing in a thermal energy transmitter (heat exchanger)
Mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, in a hermetic enclosure
Fabrication of synthetic air
Expansions and mixing of gases
Change of the concentrations of a mixture of nitrogen and of carbon dioxide
Mixing of air and of methane, in steady-state operation
Characteristics of a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen
Characteristics of a gas of a blast furnace
Compression of a mixture of ethane and air
Change of the composition and compression of a mixture of ethane and propane
Introduction of nitrogen in a reservoir of hydrogen
Conditioning of fumes for drying
Mixtures of a gas with a condensable substance
Mixture of two mixtures
Wet cooling tower
Humidi_cation of the air of a room
Condensation on a wall
Paraisothermal compressor
Drying of a product
Air conditioning of an indoor swimming pool
Air conditioning of an o_ce in summer
State of the air in a room
Characteristics of atmospheric air
Cooling of air by humidi_cation
Cold room
Air conditioning of an o_ce in winter
Thermodynamic processes and diagrams
Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas
Emptying of a compressed air tank
Feeding a start-up turbine
Expansion of steam in a turbine
Phase change of water
Displacement of a piston by expansion of a gas
Processes relative to the expansion of helium
Theoretical cycle of a hot air engine
Theoretical cycle of a Diesel engine
Typical thermodynamic processes
Condensation of a refrigerant.
Phase change of carbon dioxide
Production of compressed air
Processes during a cycle
Simple examples of application of the First and Second Laws
Process of conversion from mechanical energy to internal energy (experiment of Joule)
Expansion without transfer of mechanical energy (experiment of Gay-Lussac-Joule
Expansion with transfer of mechanical energy
Energy conversion processes
Evolution of a heterogeneous system
Heat transfer between two bodies
Energy and exergy analyses (thermomechanical processes)
Reheater of a nuclear power plant
Cold room of a refrigeration plant
Condenser of a steam power plant
Open and closed feedwater reheaters
High pressure turbine of the power plant of Leibstadt
Paraisothermal compressor of a refrigeration plant
Cooled compressor
Liquid air production plant
Cost of energy relative to a cogeneration plant
Ejector
Expansion without work transfer (Experiment of Gay-Lussac-Joule)
Flow in an ori_ce
Heat transfer between two parts
Isochoric mixture of two gases
Mixing of several gases, in steady-state conditions
Isochoric heating
Isobaric heating
Heating under steady-state conditions
Thermal energy storage
Combustion
Combustion of a light oil
Incomplete combustion of heavy oil
Combustion of natural gas
Dewpoint of combustion gases
Combustion chamber of a thermal power plant
Industrial steam boiler
Cooling and diusion of a plume of combustion gas in the atmosphere
Gasoline engine
Incomplete combustion
Turboreactor of a airplane
Liquid fuel for a steam boiler
Bomb calorimeter
Inuence of the reference conditions on the heating value
Characteristics of a liquid fuel
Combustion of hexane
Combustion chamber of a gas plant
Thermal losses of a combustion chamber
Examples of application
Combustion chamber
Steam boiler
Internal combustion engine
Thermodynamic cycles
Beau-de-Rochas or Otto cycle
Stirling cycle
Ericsson's pseudo-cycle
Cycle of a hot air engine
Simple Diesel cycle
Brayton cycle
Rankine cycle
Turboreactor cycle
Reversed Brayton cycle
Carnot cycle
Improved Diesel cycle
Statoreactor cycle
Superposed thermopump cycles
Reversed pseudo-Stirling cycle
Reversed pseudo-Ericsson cycle
Comparative study of theoretical power cycles
Comparative study of theoretical thermopump cycles
Comparative study of theoretical frigopump cycles
Study of theoretical cogeneration cycles
Applications: Examples
Atmospheric cooling of a condenser
Industrial open cycle gas turbine
Gas-steam combined cycle plant
Closed cycle gas turbine, with two shaft lines
System of compression thermopump (heating heat pump system)
Compression frigopump system (cooling heat-pump system)
Liquid helium production plant
Turbocompression frigopump system
Simple steam power plant
Steam cycle with reheat
Steam power plant, with extraction
Steam power plant, in quasi-steady-state operation
Cogeneration steam power plant
Open cycle gas turbine
Thermopump plant with a semi-hermetic compressor
Frigopump system with subcooler
Linear thermodynamics of irreversible phenomena
Source of entropy in a bar
Thermocouple
Thermoelectric generator
Thermoelectric module
Thermoelectric thermopump