Theory of Heat

Best known for his theory of electromagnetism, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–79) was Cambridge University's first Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics. Albert Einstein described his work as 'the most profound and the most fruitful that physics has experienced since the time of Newton'. He carried out brilliant work in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, laying the foundation for the kinetic theory of gases. This book, published originally in 1871, summarises his work in this field. It includes the 'Maxwell relations' that still feature in every standard text on thermodynamics. It also outlines his famous thought experiment, later named Maxwell's 'demon'. This idea, which appeared to contradict the second law of thermodynamics, would inspire scientific debate well into the twentieth century. More recently, it has sparked developments in the new sciences of nanotechnology and quantum computing.

Preface; 1. Introduction; 2. Thermometry, or the registration of temperature; 3. Calorimetry, or the measurement of heat; 4. Elementary dynamical principles; 5. Measurement of internal forces and their effects; 6. Lines of equal temperature on the indicator diagram; 7. Adiabatic lines; 8. Heat engines; 9. Relations between the physical properties of a substance; 10. Latent heat; 11. Thermodynamics of gases; 12. On the intrinsic energy of a system of bodies; 13. On free expansion; 14. Determination of heights by the barometer; 15. On the propagation of waves of longitudinal disturbance; 16. On radiation; 17. On convection currents; 18. On the diffusion of heat by conduction; 19. On the diffusion of fluids; 20. On capillarity; 21. On elasticity and viscosity; 22. Molecular theory of the constitution of bodies.

Published in 1871, this masterly account of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics derived the 'Maxwell relations', which still feature in every standard thermodynamics text. The book also introduced the famous and controversial idea soon to be known as Maxwell's 'demon', which seemed to contradict the second law of thermodynamics.