The Impoverishment of the African Red Sea Littoral, 1640–1945

The African Red Sea Littoral, currently divided between Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Djibouti, is one of the poorest regions in the world. But the pastoralist communities indigenous to this region were not always poor—historically, they had access to a variety of resources that allowed them to prosper in the harsh, arid environment. This access was mediated by a robust moral economy of pastoralism that acted as a social safety net. Steven Serels charts the erosion of this moral economy, a slow-moving process that began during the Little Ice Age mega-drought of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and continued through the devastating famines of the twentieth century. By examining mass sedentarization after the Second World War as merely the latest manifestation of an inter-generational environmental and economic crisis, this book offers an innovative lens for understanding poverty in northeastern Africa.

1. Introduction: Becoming Poor.- 2. Survival by Conversion, 1640–1840.- 3. Divided and Conquered, 1840–1883.- 4. War, Disease, Famine, Destruction, 1883–1893.- 5. An Unequal Recovery, 1893–1913.- 6. The Cost of Living Becomes Unaffordable, 1913–1945.- 7. Conclusion: Being Poor.

Steven Serels holds a joint appointment as Research Fellow at the Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Regionalstudien at Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany, and as Visiting Scholar at Harvard University’s Center for Middle Eastern Studies, USA. His first monograph is titled Starvation and the State: Famine, Slavery, and Power in Sudan, 1883–1956 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).