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This Open Access book explores heritage conservation ethics of post conflict and provides an important historical record of the possible reconstruction of the Bamiyan Buddha statues, which was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in Danger in 2003 as “Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley”. With the condition that most surface of the original fragments of the Buddha statues were lost due to acts of deliberate destruction, this publication explores a reference point for conservation practitioners and policy makers around the world as they consider how to respond to on-going acts of destruction of cultural heritage.
Whilst there has been an emerging debate to the ethics and nature of heritage reconstruction, this volume provides a plethora of ideas and approaches concerning the future treatment of the Bamiyan Buddha statues. It also addresses a number of fundamental questions on potential heritage reconstruction: how it will be done; who will decide; and what it should be done for. Moreover when it comes to the inscribed World Heritage properties, how can reconstructed heritage using non-original materials be considered to retain authenticity?
With a view to serving as a precedent for potential decisions taken elsewhere in the world for cultural properties impacted by acts of violence and destruction, this volume introduces academic researches, experiences and observations of heritage conservation theory and practice of heritage reconstruction. It also addresses the issue not merely from the point of a material conservation philosophy but within the context of holistic strategies for the protection of human rights and promotion of peace building.
Part I: Introduction.- Chapter 1. Deliberate destruction of cultural heritage - Bamiyan Buddha statue destruction and its revitalization (Masanori Nagaoka).- Part II: An overall review of the emergency interventions at the Bamiyan World Heritage Property implemented from 2003 to 2017.- Chapter 2. Safeguarding the Buddha Statues in Bamiyan and the Sustainable Protection of Afghan Cultural Heritage (Mounir Bouchenaki).- Chapter 3. Safeguarding and Preservation Activities at the Giant Buddhas and other monuments in the Bamiyan Valley 2004 – 2017 (Bert Praxenthaler and Matthias Beck).- Chapter 4. Cultural identity and the revival of values after the demolishment of Bamiyan’s Buddhist wall paintings (Yoko Taniguchi).- Chapter 5. The Cultural Masterplan Bamiyan: the sustainable dilemma of protection and progress (Michael Jansen and Georgios Toubekis).- Part III: Deliberate destruction of heritage and its recovery.- Chapter 6. World Heritage and reconstruction – an overview and lessons learnt for the Bamiyan Valley (Mechtild Rössler).- Chapter 7. Palmyra: from War & Destruction to Rehabilitation (Maamoun Abdulkarim).- Chapter 8. Role of the Traditional Masonry Corporation in the Process of Reconstruction of the Destroyed Mausoleums in Timbuktu, Mali (Lassana Cisse).- Chapter 9. Attitudes to the Reconstruction of Synagogues - Post World War II Europe (Michael Turner).- Part IV: Heritage reconstruction in theory.- Chapter 10. Destruction and reconstruction of cultural heritage as future-making (Cornelius Holtorf).- Chapter 11. The roles of the locals - and the possible reconstruction of the destroyed Buddha statues in the Bamiyan Valley, Afghanistan (Marie Louise Stig Sørensen).- Chapter 12. Learning from Ground Zero: The Presence of Absence at Two Sites of Destruction (Helaine Iris Silverman).- Part V: Future Treatment of the Bamiyan Buddha Statues.- Chapter 13. Reflections on the Case of Bamiyan (Jukka Jokilehto).- Chapter 14. Entangled Narrative Biographies of the Colossal Sculptures of Bamiyan (Deborah Klimburg-Salter).- Chapter 15. Could the Buddha Statues of Bamiyan be a case of "exceptional circumstance” for reconstruction? (Junko Okahashi).- Chapter 16. Emptiness and Authenticity at Bamiyan (James Janowski).- Part VI: Technical intervention proposals for the reconstruction of Bamiyan Buddha statue.- Chapter 17. The renaissance of Bamiyan (Afghanistan) Some proposals for the revitalisation of the Bamiyan valley (Claudio Margottini, Nicola Casagli, Filippo Tincolini, Andrea Bruno, Giacomo Massari, Filippo Tincolini, Heinz Ruther).- Chapter 18. Physical Revitalization of the Eastern Buddha Statue in Bamiyan using reinforced adobe material (Georgios Toubekis, Michael Jansen and Matthias Jarke).- Chapter 19. Technical Proposal for Revitalizing the Eastern Buddha Statues in Bamiyan (Kosaku Maeda, Shigeyuki Okazaki, Noritoshi Sugiura, Aya Yamaguchi, Masaaki Miyasako, Kazuya Yamauchi, Kenji Tamai, Shigeo Aoki, Takashi Inoue).
Dr. Masanori Nagaoka currently works at the UNESCO Phnom Penh Office as Culture Specialist. He has been working in the Culture sector of UNESCO for 17 years at both headquarters (UNESCO World Heritage Centre) and field offices (Jakarta cluster office and Kabul office). Having implemented a number of projects and activities including in Afghanistan, Timor Leste, the Philippines, Indonesia and so forth, he has managed projects and programmes in all fields of UNESCO Culture sector, which includes safeguarding of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage, promotion of cultural diversity and tourism, culture policies for sustainable development, museums management and promotion of UNESCO normative instruments. He holds a PhD in Heritage Studies from Tsukuba University in Japan and received a Master Degree in Archaeology and Art History from Columbia University in New York, USA. He published a number of scientific peer-reviewed papers by Routledge, Springer, Emerald, ICOMOS and so forth.
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