The Brexit Effect What Leaving the EU Means for British Politics

This book examines the seismic impact of Brexit on the British political system, assessing its likely long-term effect in terms of a significantly changed political and constitutional landscape. Starting with the 2015 general election and covering key developments up to "Brexit Day", it shows how Brexit "transformed" British politics. The unprecedented turmoil – two snap elections, three Prime Ministers, the biggest ever defeat for the Government in Parliament, an impressive number of rebellions and reshuffles in Cabinet and repeated requests for a second independence referendum in Scotland – as a result of leaving the EU, calls into question what sort of political system the post-Brexit UK will become. Taking Lijphart’s "Westminster model" as its reference, the book assesses the impact of Brexit along three dimensions: elections and parties; executive–legislative relationships; and the relationship between central and devolved administrations. Based on a wealth of empirical material, including original interviews with key policymakers and civil servants, it focuses on the "big picture" and analytically maps the direction of travel for the UK political system. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of Brexit, British politics, constitutional, political, and contemporary history, elections and political parties, executive politics, and territorial politics as well as more broadly related practitioners and journalists. Chaptersone and twoof this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license. Funded by the University of Trento and the Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies.

Introduction 1. The Westminster model and the UK political system before Brexit 2. Understanding the Brexit effect 3. Westminster preserved: Elections, party system, and the absorption of the Brexit shock 4. Westminster challenged: The constrained dominance of the executive 5. Westminster reasserted: A unitary but disunited state 6. Understanding the Brexit strains during the Covid crisis 7. Conclusions: British politics after Brexit

Gianfranco Baldini is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Bologna, Italy, and Research Associate at the Centre for Britain and Europe, University of Surrey, UK. Edoardo Bressanelli is Associate Professor of Political Science at the Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy, and Senior Visiting Research Fellow at King’s College London, UK. Emanuele Massetti is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Trento, Italy, and Associated Fellow at the Centre on Constitutional Change, University of Edinburgh, UK.