The Angkorian World

The Angkorian World explores the history of Southeast Asia’s largest ancient state from the first to mid-second millennium CE. Chapters by leading scholars combine evidence from archaeology, texts, and the natural sciences to introduce the Angkorian state, describe its structure, and explain its persistence over more than six centuries. Comprehensive and accessible, this book will be an indispensable resource for anyone studying premodern Asia. The volume’s first of six sections provides historical and environmental contexts and discusses data sources and the nature of knowledge production. The next three sections examine the anthropogenic landscapes of Angkor (agrarian, urban, and hydraulic), the state institutions that shaped the Angkorian state, and the economic foundations on which Angkor operated. Part V explores Angkorian ideologies and realities, from religion and nation to identity. The volume’s last part reviews political and aesthetic Angkorian legacies in an effort to explain why the idea of Angkor remains central to its Cambodian descendants. Maps, graphics, and photographs guide readers through the content of each chapter. Chapters in this volume synthesise more than a century of work at Angkor and in the regions it influenced. The Angkorian World will satisfy students, researchers, academics, and the knowledgeable layperson who seeks to understand how this great Angkorian Empire arose and functioned in the premodern world. The Prologue and Chapters 2, 10, 15, 23, and 30 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Prologue: An Introduction to the Angkorian World Mitch Hendrickson, Miriam T. Stark, Damian Evans with Roland Fletcher PART I: CONTEXTS 1 An Environmental History of Angkor: Beginningand End Dan Penny &Tegan Hall 2 Texts and Objects: Exploiting the Literary Sources in Mediaeval Cambodia Dominique Soutifand Julia Estève 3 ‘Invisible Cambodians’: Knowledge Production in the History of Angkorian Archaeology Heng Piphal, Seng Sonetraand Nhim Sotheavin 4 The Mekong Delta Before the Angkorian World Miriam T. Starkand Pierre-Yves Manguin 5 The Early Capitals of Angkor Jean-Baptiste Chevance and Christophe Pottier 6 Angkor’s Multiple Southeast Asia Overland Connections Kenneth. R. Hall 7 Angkor and China: 9th–15th Centuries Miriam T. Starkand Aedeen Cremin PART II: LANDSCAPES 8 Forests, Palms, and Paddy Fields: The Plant Ecology of Angkor Tegan Halland Dan Penny 9 Angkor and the Mekong River: Settlement, Resources, Mobility, and Power Heng Piphal 10 Trajectories of Urbanism in the Angkorian World Damian Evans, Roland Fletcher, Sarah Klassen, Christophe Pottierand Pelle Wijker 11 Angkor's Temple Communities and the Logic of Its Urban Landscape Scott Hawkenand Sarah Klassen 12 Angkor as a "Cité Hydraulique"? Terry Lustig, Jean-Baptiste Chevanceand Wayne Johnson PART III: STATE INSTITUTIONS 13 Angkorian Law and Land Tess Davisand Eileen Lustig 14 Warfare and Defensive Architecture in the Angkorian World David Brotherson 15 Asramas, Shrines, and Royal Power Chea Socheat, Julia Estève, Dominique Soutifand Edward Swenson 16 Education and Medicine at Angkor Rethy Chhem, Damian Evans, Chhom Kunthea , Phlong Pisithand Peter D. Sharrock PART IV: ECONOMIES 17 Angkor’s Economy: Implications of the Transfer of Wealth Eileen Lustig, Aedeen Creminand Terry Lustig 18 The Temple Economy of Angkor Heng Piphaland Sachchidanand Sahai 19 Angkor’s Agrarian Economy: A Socio-Ecological Mosaic Scott Hawkenand Cristina Cobo Castillo 20 From Quarries to Temples: Stone Procurement, Materiality, and Spirituality in the Angkorian World Christian Fischer, Federico Caròand Martin Polkinghorne 21 Crafting With Fire: Stoneware and Iron Pyrotechnologies in the Angkorian World Mitch Hendrickson, Ea Darith, Chhay Rachna, Tabata Yukitsugu, Phon Kaseka, Stéphanie Leroy, Yuni Satoand Armand Desbat 22 Food, Craft, and Ritual: Plants From the Angkorian World Cristina Cobo Castillo PART V: IDEOLOGIES AND REALITIES 23 Gods and Temples: The Nature(s) of Angkorian Religion Julia Estève 24 Bodies of Glory: The Statuary of Angkor Paul A. Lavyand Martin Polkinghorne 25 ‘Of Cattle and Kings’: Bovines in the Angkorian World Mitch Hendrickson, Eileen Lustigand Siyonn Sophearith 26 An Angkor Nation? Identifying the Core of the Khmer Empire Ian Lowman, Chhom Kuntheaand Mitch Hendrickson 27 The Angkorian House Alison Carter, Miriam T. Stark, Heng Piphaland Chhay Rachna 28 Vogue at Angkor: Dress, Décor, and Narrative Drama Gillian Green 29 Gender, Status, and Hierarchy in the Age of Angkor Trude Jacobsen Gidaszewski PART VI: AFTER ANGKOR 30 Perspectives on the ‘Collapse’ of Angkor and the Khmer Empire Damian Evans, Martin Polkinghorne, Roland Fletcher, David Brotherson, Tegan Hall, Sarah Klassenand Pelle Wijker 31 Uthong and Angkor: Material Legacies in the Chao Phraya Basin, Thailand Pipad Krajaejun 32 Mainland Southeast Asia after Angkor: On the Legacies of Jayavarman VII Ashley Thompson 33 Early Modern Cambodia and Archaeology at Longvek Martin Polkinghorneand Yuni Sato 34 Yama, the God Closest to the Khmers Ang Choulean 35 Inarguably Angkor Penny Edwards

Mitch Hendrickson is Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA. He worked as an archaeologist in northwest Mexico, the Canadian Plains, and High Arctic before shifting his focus to Cambodia in 2001. His initial research on the development and role of the Angkorian road system enabled him to develop two ongoing projects in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts on the technological transformation that enabled expansions of the Khmer Empire and understanding religious transition at the site of Preah Khan of Kompong Svay. Miriam T. Stark is Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, USA. Her 40-year career includes fieldwork in North America, the Near East, and Southeast Asia; she launched her first field project in Cambodia in 1996. Her Cambodian research, through multiple projects in collaboration with Cambodia’s Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, focuses on protohistoric to Angkorian period urbanism, early state formation, and political economy. Damian Evans is Senior Research Fellow at the École française d’Extrême-Orient in Paris and an Honorary Associate in the Department of History, School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry at the University of Sydney. He is involved in a diverse array of projects across Southeast Asia encompassing archaeology, heritage, and the earth sciences, and he has initiated and overseen archaeological projects in Cambodia since the late 1990s. His work focuses on using earth observation technologies such as satellite imagery, radar, and lidar to understand the relationship between humans and their environments from the deep past to the present day.