1: Introduction; 2: Historical Background; 3: The United Nations; 4: The International Bill of Human Rights; 5: The United Nations' organizational structure; 6: Regional protection of human rights; 7: Europe; 8: Organization of American states; 9: The African Union; 10: Monitoring, implementing, and enforcing human rights; 11: Substantive rights - general comments; 12: Equality and non-discrimination; 13: The right to life; 14: Freedom from torture, cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment; 15: The right to liberty of person; 16: Equality before the law - the right to a fair trial; 17: The right to self determination; 18: Freedom of expression; 19: The right to work; 20: The right to education and human rights education; 21: Minority rights; 22: Group rights; 23: Looking to the future