Spectrum Sharing in Wireless Networks Fairness, Efficiency, and Security

Spectrum Sharing in Wireless Networks: Fairness, Efficiency, and Security provides a broad overview of wireless network spectrum sharing in seven distinct sections: The first section examines the big picture and basic principles, explaining the concepts of spectrum sharing, hardware/software function requirements for efficient sharing, and future trends of sharing strategies. The second section contains more than 10 chapters that discuss differing approaches to efficient spectrum sharing. The authors introduce a new coexistence and sharing scheme for multi-hop networks, describe the space-time sharing concept, introduce LTE-U, and examine sharing in broadcast and unicast environments. They then talk about different cooperation strategies to achieve mutual benefits for primary users (PU) and secondary users (SU), discuss protocols in a spectrum sharing context, and provide different game theory models between PUs and SUs. The third section explains how to model the interactions of PUs and SUs, using an efficient calculation method to determine spectrum availability. Additionally, this section explains how to use scheduling models to achieve efficient SU traffic delivery. The subject of the fourth section is MIMO-oriented design. It focuses on how directional antennas and MIMO antennas greatly enhance wireless network performance. The authors include a few chapters on capacity/rate calculations as well as beamforming issues under MIMO antennas. Power control is covered in the fifth section which also describes the interference-aware power allocation schemes among cognitive radio users and the power control schemes in cognitive radios. The sixth section provides a comprehensive look at security issues, including different types of spectrum sharing attacks and threats as well as corresponding countermeasure schemes. The seventh and final section covers issues pertaining to military applications and examines how the military task protects its data flows when sharing the spectrum with civilian applications.

BIG PICTUREPhysical Aspects of Spectrum SharingMichael FitchIntroductionRadio Technology Aspects of SharingTypes of Spectrum SharingSpectrum ManagementTraffic PatternsReferencesPerspective on the Design of Opportunistic Spectrum SharingHaythem Bany SalamehIntroductionNetwork ArchitectureSpectrum Sharing Problem Statement and ObjectivesIssues in Designing Spectrum Sharing MechanismsTradeoffs in Selecting the Operating ChannelState-of-the-Art Spectrum Sharing Protocols in CRNsComplementary Approaches and OptimizationsSummary and Open Research ProblemsReferencesAPPROACHES TO SPECTRUM SHARINGNew Coexistence and Sharing Paradigms for Multihop Secondary NetworksXu Yuan, Brian Jalaian, Y. Thomas Hou, Wenjing Lou, Scott F. Midkiff, and Sastry KompellaIntroductionTransparent Coexistence ParadigmCooperative Sharing ParadigmSummaryAcknowledgmentsReferencesSpace-Time Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio NetworksZhiqing Wei, Zhiyong Feng, and Qixun ZhangIntroductionSystem ModelTemporal Spectrum Opportunity in Gray RegionSpatial Spectrum Opportunity in White RegionThe Bounds of Three RegionsNumerical ResultsConclusionReferencesLTE in the Unlicensed Band (LTE-U)David Tung Chong Wong, Qian Chen, Francois Chin, and Xiaoming PengIntroductionOverview of Traditional LTE in the Licensed BandOverview of Traditional Wi-Fi in the Unlicensed BandLTE in the Unlicensed BandConclusionsReferencesSpectrum Sharing in Broadcast and Unicast Hybrid Cellular NetworksHongxiang LiSystem ModelHybrid System AnalysisCollaborative Hybrid SystemNumerical ResultsStructured Dirty Paper CodingConclusionReferencesCooperation-Based Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in CRNsNing Zhang, Haibo Zhou, Shaohua Wu, Ying Wang, Jon W. Mark, and Xuemin (Sherman) Shen IntroductionCooperation-Based Dynamic Spectrum SharingCooperative Spectrum Sensing in Multi-Channel EnvironmentsCooperative Cognitive Radio NetworkingConclusionReferencesCooperation in Cognitive Radio NetworksJunni ZouSecondary Users Relaying for Primary UsersPrimary Users Relaying for Secondary UsersSummaryReferencesCross-Layer Design for Spectrum EfficiencyMohammad Robat Mili and Farokh MarvastiIntroductionSystem ModelMaximization of the Ergodic CapacityMinimization of the Bit Error Rate (BER)Chapter ConclusionReferencesSpectrum-Aware Routing in Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (CRVANETs): Challenges and SolutionsAhmed M. Ahmed, Ala Abu Alkheir, and Hussein T. MouftahIntroductionChannel Acquisition TechniquesThe Routing ProblemSimulating End-to-End Protocols in CRAHNsOpen Research IssuesConclusionsReferencesThe Spectrum Sharing GamesPu Yuan, Yong Xiao, Guoan Bi, and Shan LuoIntroductionA Non-Cooperative Spectrum Sharing GameA Cooperative Spectrum Sharing GameSpectrum Sharing with PrioritiesReferencesGame-Theoretic Opportunistic Spectrum SharingYuhua Xu and Alagan AnpalaganIntroductionGame Theory and Distributed LearningGraphical Game for Spatial Opportunistic Spectrum SharingRobust Game for Dynamic Opportunistic Spectrum SharingFuture Directions and ChallengesReferencesAn Adaptive Game Theoretic Framework for Self-Coexistence among Cognitive Radio Enabled Smart Grid NetworksDeepak K. Tosh and Shamik SenguptaIntroductionChallenges and Related WorksSelf-Coexistence among DSA-Enabled Smart Grid NetworksSelf-Coexistence Using Multi-Stage Interaction GamesSimulation Model and ResultsConclusionsAcknowledgmentReferencesMODELING ISSUESPerformance Modeling of Opportunistic Spectrum SharingShensheng TangIntroductionSystem ModelsPerformance AnalysisPerformance MetricsConclusionsReferencesCalculation Methods for Spectrum AvailabilityAndreas Achtzehn and Petri Mähönen Incumbent-Newcomer RelationshipInterference Temperature-Based Primary Protection ModelService-Level-Based Primary Protection ModelSpectrum Availability MetricsConclusionsReferencesHow to Use Novel Methods for Improving the Performance of Wireless Cognitive NetworksBarbaros PrevezeIntroductionSimulation ProgramHow to Improve Network Performance by Modifications Done on the Algorithms of the SystemNetwork Performance Improvement by Using Novel Buffer Management AlgorithmTheoretical Calculation of the Effects of Novel Algorithm on the Overall System PerformanceResults and DiscussionConclusionReferencesLow-Complexity and High-Efficient Scheduling Schemes for Spectrum-Sharing Based Secondary TransmissionsHaiyang Ding, Tangwen Xu, Daniel B. da Costa, Jianhua Ge, Yinfa Zhang, Wulin Liu, and Ya-Ni ZhangEnergy-Efficient and Low-Complexity Schemes for Non-Cooperative Uplink Cognitive Cellular NetworksAn Improved Scheduling Scheme for Uplink Cognitive Cellular NetworksHigh-Efficient and Low-Complexity Relay Selection Strategies for Cooperative Cognitive Relaying SystemsEfficient Relay Selection Strategies for Multi-Relay Cognitive Cooperative TransmissionsDistributed Link Scheduling for Single-Relay Secondary Relaying TransmissionReferencesMIMO-ORIENTED DESIGNCapacity Scaling of MIMO Broadcast Channels with Finite-Rate FeedbackAli Tajer and Xiaodong WangIntroductionSystem ModelScheduling Algorithm (Nr = 1)Throughput Scaling AnalysisSimulation ResultsConclusionsAppendix A: Proof of Lemma 1Appendix B: Proof of Lemma 2Appendix C: Proof of Lemma 3Appendix D: Proof of Lemma 4ReferencesOn the Achievable Sum-Rate of MIMO Bidirectional Underlay Cognitive Cooperative NetworksAhmad Alsharoa, Hakim Ghazzai, and Mohamed-Slim AlouiniIntroductionSystem Model and Problem FormulationProblem SolutionsResults and DiscussionSummaryReferencesRobust Beamforming Optimization for the Secondary Transmission in a Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Radio NetworkYongwei HuangIntroductionSystem Model and Problem FormulationA Polynomial-Time Approximation Algorithm for the Robust Beamforming ProblemAnother Randomized Approximation Algorithm via Complex-Valued S-Lemma and Convex RelaxationSimulation ResultsConclusionAcknowledgmentReferencesPOWER CONTROLInterference-Aware Power Allocation in Spectrum Sharing Cognitive RadioGosan Noh and Daesik HongIntroductionSystem Model and AssumptionsInterference-Aware Power Allocation for Capacity MaximizationCapacity AnalysisNumerical ResultsConclusionAppendix A: Proof of Lemma 1Appendix B: Proof of Theorem 1Appendix C: Proof of Theorem 2Appendix D: Proof of Lemma 3Appendix E: Proof of Theorem 2ReferencesEnergy-Efficient Power Control for Spectrum Sharing in Next-Generation Wireless NetworksXiangping Zhai, Liang Zheng, and Chee Wei TanIntroductionPower Control in Single MNOPower Control in Multiple MNOsJoint Power Control and Admission Control for FeasibilityOpen IssuesReferencesSECURITYSpectrum Sharing Vulnerability and Threat AssessmentTimothy X. Brown and Douglas C. SickerIntroductionSecurity in Spectrum SharingSpectrum Sharing VulnerabilitiesSpectrum Sharing ThreatsSecurity ControlsConclusionReferencesSecurity Measures for Efficient Spectrum SharingEthan Gaebel and Wenjing LouRegulatory Limitations and TerminologyWhat’s at StakeArchitectural ConsiderationsCurrent StandardsAttacks and DefensesConclusionReferencesPragmatic Security Issues and Solutions for Spectrum Sharing in Wireless NetworksLei Li and Chunxiao ChiganIntroductionSecurity Issues Relevant to the Relaying StrategyDetection and Mitigation of Relay-Featured Security ThreatsSecure Coexistence Issues in Cognitive Radio NetworksFairness-Based Coexistence Network DesignSecurity Issues Relevant to Ineligible Access of Cognitive Radio NetworksAuthentication MechanismsSimulator for Cognitive Radio Networks and Its SecurityPotential Security IssuesReferencesMILITARY APPLICATIONSThe Spectrum in Defense: From Commodity to Maneuver SpaceJesse Bourque Jr.IntroductionSituationElectromagnetic Spectrum ControlElectromagnetic Spectrum OperationsThe "Shift"Compliance and Chaos Models of SpectrumFrom Electronic Warfare to Spectrum WarfareTraining for Effective EMS OperationsThe Way Ahead

Dr. John D. Matyjas earned his PhD in electrical engineering from State University of New York at Buffalo in 2004. Currently, he is serving as the Connectivity & Dissemination Core Technical Competency Lead at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in Rome, NY. His research interests include dynamic multiple-access communications and networking, software defined RF spectrum mutability, statistical signal processing and optimization, and neural networks. Dr. Matyjas is an IEEE senior member, chair of the IEEE Mohawk Valley Signal Processing Society, and member of Tau Beta Pi and Eta Kappa Nu. He also serves on the IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications Editorial Advisory Board. Dr. Fei Hu is currently a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. He earned his PhD degrees at Tongji University, Shanghai, China, in the field of signal processing in 1999 and at Clarkson University, New York, USA, in electrical and computer engineering in 2002. He has published over 200 journal/conference papers and books. Dr. Hu’s research has been supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Department of Defense, Cisco, Sprint, and other sources. His research expertise is primarily in the areas of security, signals, and sensors. Dr. Sunil Kumar is currently a professor and Thomas G. Pine faculty fellow in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at San Diego State University (SDSU), San Diego, California, USA. He earned his PhD in electrical and electronics engineering from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India, in 1997. From 1997 to 2002, Dr. Kumar was a postdoctoral researcher and adjunct faculty at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. He has published over 130 technical papers in journals/conferences. His research interests include the cross-layer wireless protocols and image/video processing.