Some Assembly Required Assembly Language Programming with the AVR Processor

A family of internationally popular microcontrollers, the Atmel AVR microcontroller series is a low-cost hardware development platform suitable for an educational environment. Until now, no text focused on the assembly language programming of these microcontrollers. Through detailed coverage of assembly language programming principles and techniques, Some Assembly Required: Assembly Language Programming with the AVR Microcontroller teaches the basic system capabilities of 8-bit AVR microcontrollers. The text illustrates fundamental computer architecture and programming structures using AVR assembly language. It employs the core AVR 8-bit RISC microcontroller architecture and a limited collection of external devices, such as push buttons, LEDs, and serial communications, to describe control structures, memory use and allocation, stacks, and I/O. Each chapter contains numerous examples and exercises, including programming problems. By studying assembly languages, computer scientists gain an understanding of the functionality of basic processors and how their capabilities support high level languages and applications. Exploring this connection between hardware and software, this book provides a foundation for understanding compilers, linkers, loaders, and operating systems in addition to the processors themselves.

Introduction Computer SystemsBasic Processor Architecture Components of a Computer System Classification of Processors Numeration Systems Boolean DataExercises The Atmel AVR Microcontroller Family The AVR Core Machine Language for the AVR Microcontroller AVR Studio AVR Development Platforms Introduction to AVR Assembly LanguageSample AVR Assembly Language ProgramExercisesProgramming ExercisesAlternate Programs for the XPLAIN Demonstration Kit Assembly LanguageDirectives Expressions Data Definition Directives Instructions The Toggler Program: Sample I/O ExercisesProgramming ExercisesAlternate Programs for the XPLAIN Demonstration Kit Integer Data RepresentationUnsigned Integer Data Character Data Signed Integer Data Binary Coded Decimal Data Values in Programs Assignment Statements Branch Instructions ExercisesProgramming Exercises AVR Core: Startup, Reset, and MemoriesAVR Reset Signal Basic System OrganizationProgram Memory Data SpaceEEPROMExercisesProgramming ExercisesAlternate Programs for the XPLAIN Demonstration Kit The Stack and Function CallsStack Functions Arguments, Parameters, and Return ValuesLocal StorageAuxiliary Data Stack (Software Stack) Call By Reference ExampleExercisesProgramming Exercises Serial Communications Using the Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous Serial Receiver and TransmitterRS-232 Serial Communication Basics AVR USART Configuration AVR USART Transmit and Receive Serial Transmission Errors Polled I/O Seri al Communications ExampleExercisesProgramming ExercisesAlternate Programs for the XPLAIN Demonstration Kit Logical OperationsBitwise Logical Operations Uses of Logical Instructions Shift and Rotate Special Bitwise Operations AV R Timer/Counter Timer/Counter Example: LED BlinkerExercisesProgramming ExercisesAlternate Programs for the XPLAIN Demonstration Kit Control StructuresAltering the Flow of Control Jump and Conditional Branch Instructions Selection Looping Pseudocode Development: A Checksum ProgramExercisesProgramming ExercisesAlternate Programs for the XPLAIN Demonstration Kit InterruptsInterrupt Processing General External Interrupts Interrupt -Controlled Up/Down Counter Timer Counter Interrupts Interrupt-Based Switch Bounce Elimination USART Interrupts ExercisesProgramming ExercisesAlternate Programs for the XPLAIN Demonstration Kit Arithmetic OperationsAddition and Subtraction AVR Addition and SubtractionBCD Addition and Subtraction Binary/BCD Conversion Multiplication and Division Numeric I/O and Type Conversions Sieve of EratosthenesExercisesProgramming ExercisesAlternate Programs for the XPLAIN Demonstration Kit ArraysDeclaring and Using Arrays Multidimensional Arrays Strings Storage Allocation Dynamic Memory Allocation Structures A Better HeapExercisesProgramming Exercises Real NumbersIEEE Floating Point Representation Addition and Subtraction of IEEE Floating Point Numbers Multiplication and Division of Floating Point Numbers Fixed Point ArithmeticSummaryExercisesProgramming Exercises Programming the AVR in CObject Files and Linkers Anatomy of a C Program Fundamentals of C ProgrammingAssembly Language and CExercisesProgramming Exercises Appendix: Getting Started with the XPLAIN Evaluation Kit Index

Timothy S. Margush, Ph.D., was an associate professor of computer science at the University of Akron. For over 30 years, he taught courses in mathematics and computer science, including many on assembly language programming using a variety of hardware platforms.