Socialist Economic Systems 21st Century Pathways

Bernie Sanders’ socialist advocacy in the United States, communist China’s economic successes and a Marxist revival are inspiring many to muse about improved strategies for building superior socialist futures. Socialist Economic Systems provides an objective record of socialism’s promises and performance during 1820–2022, identifies a feasible path forward and provides a rigorous analytic framework for the comparison of economic systems. The book opens by surveying pre-industrial utopias from Plato to Thomas More, and libertarian communal designs for superior living. It plumbs all aspects of the revolutionary and democratic socialist political movements that emerged after 1870 and considers the comparative economic, political and social performance of the USSR and others from the Bolshevik Revolution onwards. The book also provides case studies for all revolutionary Marxist–Leninist regimes, and supplementary discussions of Mondragon cooperatives, Israeli kibbutzim, Nordic corporatism and European democratic socialism. It investigates the theoretical and practical complexities of command-planning, reform communism, market communism, worker economic management and egalitarianism. It examines communism as an engine of economic growth, and a mechanism for improving people’s quality of existence, including living standards, labor self-governance, egalitarianism, social justice, and prevention of crimes against humanity before addressing the perennial question of what needs to be done next. A suggested path forward is elaborated drawing lessons from the warts-and-all historical performance of socialist economies during1917–2022 and failed socialist prophesy. The evidence indicates that the key to 21st-century socialism success lies in empowering workers of all descriptions to govern democratically for their mutual protection and welfare without the extraneous imposition of priorities imposed by other movements. The book is essential reading for anyone interested in socialism, political economy, comparative economic systems, and political and social history.

List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Executive Summary Methodology Introduction PART I Socialist Cross Currents (1820–1920) 1 Utopia 2 Libertarian Socialism 3 Socialist Utopian Fiction 4 Prelude to the Marxist–Leninist Moment PART II Marxist-Leninism (1917–1991) 5 Bolshevik Revolution 6 Planning 7 Perestroika 8 Worker Self-Management 9 Maoism 10 Castroism 11 Reform Communism 12 World Communism 13 Dystopian Socialist Fiction (1890–1950) 14 Crimes against Humanity 15 Oblivion PART III Post Command Planning 16 Chinese Market Communism 17 Democratic Socialism 18 Anarcho-Socialism 19 New Age Planning 20 Egalitarian Socialism 21 Japanese Communalist-Socialism 22 21st-Century Socialism Conclusion Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Index

Steven Rosefielde is Professor of Economics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.