Social Exclusion

Edited by a leading scholar in the field, this new title in the Routledge Major Works series, Critical Concepts in Sociology, is a four-volume collection of canonical and cutting-edge research on the intellectual origins and the development of ‘socal exclusion’, a critical concept in the social sciences in general and sociology in particular. The pervasiveness of the concept is well illustrated by the fact that it is almost impossible to access a policy document from most governments or international agencies dealing with issues of poverty, inequality, under-development, poor educational attainment, poor health, rural development, or urban regeneration, without finding ‘social exclusion’ identified as a problem and methods for including the excluded proposed as solutions. And yet the term is a protean one and has been employed in different ways by academics across a range of disciplines and fields. Moreover, it is translated into practice in different ways which reflect its complex and contested meaning. Researchers and students in all the core social science disciplines and in a range of professional programmes—including those in health, education, social work, housing, planning and training for religious ministry—must contend with the concept, the reality it seeks to describe, and the ways in which the term has influenced both the development and implementation of public policy in the widest sense of that term. This four-volume collection draws together key texts relevant to this important topic. Volume One reviews the nature and history of the term ‘social exclusion’ and examines ways in which the idea has been used in social research. Volume Two covers income distribution; the nature of class in post-industrial societies and the related dimensions of inequality in relation to gender, ethnicity and age; social exclusion in the changing city; and the general political context of post-democracy with special reference to partnership and participation. Volume Three explores the use of the term ‘social exclusion’ and programmes of social inclusion in specific policy areas including taxation and cash benefits, urban regeneration, health, education, housing, and transport. The final volume in the collection gathers together material to examine programmes specifically directed towards countering social exclusion, with particular reference to community development, and ‘joined-up’ government policy. It also considers radical alternatives to those policies. Fully indexed and with a comprehensive introduction newly written by the editor, which places the collected material in its historical and intellectual context, Social Exclusion will is an essential reference work, destined to be valued by scholars and students as a vital research resource. It will also be of especial interest to policy-makers and practitioners engaged with ‘social exclusion’ as a social problem.

Volume I: Social Exclusion: The History and Use of a Concept Part 1: The Pre-History of the Concept 1.1 The Idea of the Residuum in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 1. T. R. Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population (London, 1798), bk. I, ch. I, bk. IV, ch. III. 2. John MacNicol ‘In Pursuit of the Underclass’, Journal of Social Policy, 16, 3, 1987, 293–318. 1.2 Citizenship 3. T. H. Marshall, ‘Citizenship and Social Class’, Sociology at the Crossroads (Heinemann, 1963), pp. 73–86. 4. Maurice Roche, ‘Social Citizenship and Dominant Paradigm: The British Case’, Rethinking Citizenship (Polity, 1992), pp. 11–38. 1.3 ‘Culture of Poverty’ 5. Oscar Lewis, ‘The Culture of Poverty’, La Vida (Secker and Warburg, 1967), pp. xxxix–xlviii. 6. D. L. Harvey and M. H. Reed, ‘The Culture of Poverty: An Ideological Analysis’, Sociological Perspectives, 39, 1996, 465–95. 1.4 Absolute and Relative Poverty 7. Peter Townsend, ‘Concepts of Poverty and Deprivation’, Poverty in the United Kingdom: A Survey of Household Resources and Standards of Living (Allen Lane, 1979), pp. 31–60. 1.5 Marginality 8. M.G. de la Rocha, E. Jelin, J. Perlman et al., ‘From the Marginality of the 1960s to the ‘New Poverty’ of Today: A LARR Research Forum’, Latin American Research Review, 39, 1, 2004, 183–203. 1.6 The Re-emergence of the Idea of an Underclass 9. W. J. Wilson, ‘The American Belief System Concerning Welfare’, When Work Disappears (Vintage Books, 1996), pp. 149–82. Part 2: The Development of the idea of Social Exclusion 2.1 Ideas of Social Solidarity in European Socialism and Christian Democracy 10. P. Baldwin, ‘Welfare, Redistribution and Solidarity’, The Politics of Social Solidarity (Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 1–36. 2.2 The Emergence of the Concept and its Different Meanings 11. H. Silver, ‘Social Exclusion and Social Solidarity: Three Paradigms’, International Labour Review, 133, 1994, 531–78. 12. R. Levitas, ‘The Concept of Social Exclusion and the New Durkheimian Hegemony’, Critical Social Policy, 16, 1, 1996, 5–20. 2.3 Political Definitions of Social Exclusion 13. Social Exclusion Unit, ‘Bringing Britain Together: A National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal’ (HMSO, London, Sept. 1998). 14. Social Exclusion Unit, ‘Social Exclusion and Why it Matters’, Preventing Social Exclusion (HMSO, 2001), ch. 1. 15. Rob Atkinson and Simin da Voudi, ‘The Concept of Social Exclusion in the European Union: Context, Development and Possibilities’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 38, 3, 2000, 427–48. Part 3: Social Exclusion as an Academic Issue 3.1 Operationalizing Social Exclusion: Measuring Through Quantitative Research 16. T. Burchardt et al., ‘Degrees of Exclusion: Developing a Dynamic Multi-Dimensional Measure’, in J. Hills et al. (eds.), Understanding Social Exclusion (Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 51–65. 3.2 The Language of Social Exclusion 17. N. Fairclough, ‘The Third Way: The Political Discourse of New Labour’, New Labour, New Language? (London: Routledge, 2000), pp. 30–43. 3.3 Social Exclusion in Qualitative Research 18. Michael Rustin, ‘A Tale Class of Differences in Contemporary Britain’, in P. Chamberlayne et al. (eds.), Biography and Social Exclusion in Europe: Experiences and Life Journeys (Policy Press, 2000), pp. 77–96. 3.4 Dynamism as a Theme: Trajectories Through Life 19. L. Leisering and R. Walker, The Dynamics of Modern Society (Policy Press, 1998), pp. 3–16. Volume II: Incomes, Politics, the City, and Work: The Broad Context of Contemporary Social Exclusion Part 4: Social Exclusion and Income Distribution: A Review of the Evidence 4.1 Changes in Income Distribution in High-Income Countries: The Post-Industrial Increase in Inequality 20. J. H. Westergaard, Who Gets What? The Hardening of Class Inequality in the Late Twentieth Century (Polity Press, 1995), pp. 65–77, 123–36. 21. Michael Förster and Marco Mira d’Ercole, Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries in the Second Half of the 1990s (OECD, 2005), pp. 8–37. 4.2 Changes in Income Distribution in Post-Soviet Societies 22. L. Podkaminer, ‘A Note on the Evolution of Inequality in Poland, 1992–99’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 27, 5, 2003, pp. 755–68. 4.3 Changes in Income Distribution in the Large Southern Democracies 23. Ricardo N. Bebczuk and Leonardo C. Gasparini, Globalisation and Inequality: The Case of Argentina (OECD, 2000), pp. 17–21, 34–7. 24. R. Nagaraj, ‘Indian Economy Since 1980: Virtuous Growth or Polarisation?’, Economic and Political Weekly, 35, 32, 2000, 2831–7. 25. Thomas E. Skidmore, ‘Brazil’s Persistent Income Inequality: Lessons from History’, Latin American Politics and Society, 46, 2, 2004, 133–50. Part 5: The Politics of Post-Democracy: Exclusion from Power 5.1 Post-Democracy Defined 26. C. Crouch, ‘Why Post-Democracy?’, Post-democracy (Fabian Society, 2000), pp. 1–21. 27. J. I. Nelson, Post-Industrial Capitalism (Sage, 1995), pp. 1–32. 5.2 Class in Post-Industrial Capitalism 28. G. Therborn, Why Some Peoples are More Unemployed than Others (Verso, 1985) pp. 14–36. 29. K. Eder, ‘Class and Social Movements’, The New Politics of Class (Sage, 1993), pp. 1–15. 30. Alison Stenning, ‘Where is the Post-Socialist Working Class? Working-Class Lives in the Spaces of (Post-)Socialism’, Sociology, 39, 5, 2005, 983–99. 5.3 The Politics of Identity or the Politics of Inequality 31. Nancy Fraser, ‘Rethinking Recognition’, New Left Review, 3, 2000, 107–20. 32. Martha E. Gimenez , ‘With a Little Class: A Critique of Identity Politics’, Ethnicities, 6, 3, 2006, 423–39. 5.4 Gender and Social Exclusion: The Particular Situation of the Female Single Parent and the Politics of Child-Rearing 33. Janet E. Kodras. and John Paul Jones III, ‘A Contextual Examination of the Feminization of Poverty’, Geoforum, 22, 2, 1991, 159–71. 34. Henryk Domanski, ‘Is the East European "Underclass" Feminized?’, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 35, 2002, 383–94. 35. Marylin Carr and Martha Chen, ‘Globalization, Social Exclusion and Gender’, International Labour Review, 143, 1–2, 2004, 129–61. 5.5 Social Movements and the Excluded 36. J. Craig Jenkins and Michael Wallace, ‘The Generalized Action Potential of Protest Movements: The New Class, Social Trends, and Political Exclusion Explanations’, Sociological Forum, 11, 2, 1996, 183–207. Volume III: The Role of Public Policy: Inclusion or Exclusion? Part 6: Redistribution of Income 37. Andrew Leicester, ‘Thinking About Inequality’, Economic Review, 21, 2, 2003, 1–4. 6.1 Two Nations: The Inheritance of Poverty and Affluence 38. Anthony B. Atkinson, Increased Income Inequality in OECD Countries and the Redistributive Impact of the Government Budget (Oxford Scholarship Online Monographs, 2004), pp. 221–49. 39. Charles Simkins, What Happened to the Distribution of Income in South Africa Between 1995 and 2001? (University of the Witwatersrand, 2004), pp. 1–15. 6.2 Urban Regeneration 40. L. Bremner, ‘Reinventing the Johannesburg Inner City’, Cities, 17, 3, 2000, 185–93. 41. Erik Swyngedouw, Frank Moulaert, and Arantxa Rodriguez, ‘Neoliberal Urbanization in Europe: Large-Scale Urban Development Projects and the New Urban Policy’, Antipode, 34, 3, 2002, 542–77. 42. Marcelo Lopes de Souza, ‘Urban Planning in an Age of Fear: The Case of Rio de Janeiro’, International Development Planning Review, 27, 1, 2005, 1–19. 6.3 Social Exclusion and Health 43. Martin Powell and Graham Moon, ‘Health Action Zones: The "Third Way" of a New Area-Based Policy?’, Health and Social Care in the Community, 9, 1, 2001, 43–50. 44. Ronald Labonte, ‘Social Inclusion/Exclusion: Dancing the Dialectic’, Health Promotion International, 19, 1, 2004, 115–21. Part 7: Education 7.1 Education and Social Mobility: Is Mobility Increasing or Decreasing? The Role of Schooling and Qualifications 45. Geoff Whitty, ‘Education, Social Class and Social Exclusion’, Journal of Education Policy, 16, 4, 2001, 287–95. 46. Anthony Lemon, ‘Shifting Geographies of Social Inclusion and Exclusio