Small and Short-Range Radar Systems

Radar Expert, Esteemed Author Gregory L. Charvat on CNN and CBS Author Gregory L. Charvat appeared on CNN on March 17, 2014 to discuss whether Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 might have literally flown below the radar. He appeared again on CNN on March 20, 2014 to explain the basics of radar, and he explored the hope and limitations of the technology involved in the search for Flight 370 on CBS on March 22, 2014. Get His Book Now Coupling theory with reality, from derivation to implementation of actual radar systems, Small and Short-Range Radar Systems analyzes and then provides design procedures and working design examples of small and short-range radar systems. Discussing applications from automotive to through-wall imaging, autonomous vehicle, and beyond, the practical text supplies high-level descriptions, theoretical derrivations, back-of-envelope calculations, explanations of processing algorithms, and case studies for each type of small radar system covered, including continuous wave (CW), ultrawideband (UWB) impulse, linear frequency modulation (FM), linear rail synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and phased array. This essential reference: Explains how to design your own radar devices Demonstrates how to process data from small radar sensors Provides real-world, measured radar data to test algorithms before investing development time Complete with downloadable MATLAB® scripts and actual radar measurements, Small and Short-Range Radar Systems empowers you to rapidly develop small radar technology for your application.

RAdio Direction And Ranging (RADAR)Radio Transmitters and ReceiversGenerating Electromagnetic Fields and Maxwell's EquationsFar Field and Near FieldPolarization Constitutive Parameters, or the Medium in which a Wave PropagatesElectric and Magnetic AntennasMost-Used Solution to the Wave Equation for Radar SystemsTransmission LinesScattering ParametersCharacteristics of AntennasFriis Transmission EquationRadio Receivers Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF) Receivers Heterodyne Receivers and the Frequency Mixer Single Sideband (SSB) Receivers Noise Figure Receiver Sensitivity Radio Transmitters Pulsed Radar System Phase Coherent Radar SystemA Simple Phased Coherent Radar SystemPulsed Phase Coherent Radar SystemsEstimating Radar Performance using the Radar Range EquationSmall and Short Range Radars I. Short-Range Radar Systems and ImplementationsContinuous Wave (CW) RADARCW RADAR ArchitectureSignal Processing for CW Doppler RadarFrequency CounterFrequency-to-Voltage Converter Discrete Fourier Transform The Radar Range Equation for CW Doppler RadarExamples of CW Radar SystemsThe MIT Independent Activities Period (IAP) Radar in Doppler ModeExpected Performance of the MIT 'Coffee Can' Radar in Doppler ModeWorking Example of the MIT 'Coffee Can' Radar in Doppler ModeAn X-Band CW Radar SystemExpected Performance of the X-Band CW Radar SystemWorking Example of the X-Band CW Radar System Harmonic Radar CW Harmonic Radar System at 917 MHz ImplementationHarmonic Radar TagsResultsSummaryFrequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) RadarFMCW Architecture and Signal Processing FMCW Architecture Mathematics of FMCW Radar Signal Processing for FMCW Radar and the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform Frequency Counter and Frequency-to-Voltage Converters Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform Coherent Change Detection (CCD) FMCW Performance The Radar Range Equation for FMCW Radar Range Resolution Examples of FMCW Radar Systems X-Band UWB FMCW Radar System Expected Performance of the X-Band UWB FMCW Radar System Working Example of the X-Band UWB FMCW Radar System The MIT Coffee Can Radar System in Ranging ModeExpected Performance of the MIT Coffee Can Radar System in Ranging Mode Working Example of the MIT Coffee Can Radar System in Ranging Mode Range-Gated UWB FMCW Radar System Analog Range Gate S-Band Implementation Expected Performance of the Range Gated SBand FMCW Radar System Working Example of the Range Gated S-Band FMCW Radar System X-Band Implementation of a Range-Gated FMCW Radar System Expected Performance of the Range Gated X-Band FMCW Radar System Working Example of the Range Gated X-Band FMCW Radar System Summary Synthetic Aperture RadarMeasurement Geometry The Range Migration Algorithm (RMA) Simulation of a Point Scatterer Cross Range Fourier Transform Matched Filter Stolt Interpolation Inverse Fourier Transform to Image Domain Simulation of Multiple Point Targets Estimating Performance The Radar Range Equation Applied to SAR Resolution of SAR ImageryAdditional Processing CalibrationCoherent Background Subtraction and Coherent Change Detection (CCD) Motion Compensation Summary Practical Examples of Small Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging SystemsUWB FMCW X-Band Rail SAR Imaging System Expected Performance Maximum Range and Minimum Target RCS Range Resolution Estimate ImplementationMeasured Results Resoltuion Sensitivity Imagery MIT Coffee Can Radar in Imaging Mode Expected PerformanceMaximum Range and Minimum Target RCSRange Resolution Estimate Implementation Measured Results Range-Gated FMCW Rail SAR Imaging Systems X-Band Implementation Expected Performance Measured Results S-Band ImplementationExpected PerformanceMeasurements Summary Phased Array RadarNear-Field Phased Array Radar Near-Field Beamforming using SAR Imaging Algorithms Performance of Small Phased Array Radar Systems The Radar Range Equation for Phased Array Radar Systems Resolution of Near Field Phased Array Imagery Processing Calibration Coherent Background Subtraction and Coherent Change Detection (CCD) An S-Band Switched Array Radar Imaging System System Implementation Performance Estimate Free Space Results Simulated Sidelobes Measured Sidelobes Resolution Low RCS Imagery Demonstrations MIT IAP Phased Array Radar CourseSummaryUltrawideband (UWB) Impulse RadarArchitectures for UWB Impulse RadarBasic UWB Impulse Radar System UWB Impulse Radar using Frequency Conversion Signal Processing for UWB Impulse Radar Computing Range to Target Calibration Synthetic Aperture Radar Coherent Change Detection (CCD)Expected Performance of UWB Impulse Radar SystemsThe Radar Range Equation for UWB Impulse Radar Range Resolution for UWB Impulse Radar UWB Impulse Radar Systems X-Band UWB Impulse Radar System Implementation Expected Performance Ranging Example X-Band Impulse SAR Imaging System Implementation Expected Performance Impulse SAR Data Acquisition and Processing Imaging Example Summary II. ApplicationsPolice Doppler Radar and Motion SensorsThe Gunnplexer Police Doppler Radar K-Band Police Doppler Radar Estimated Performance Experimental Results Digital Signal Processing for an Old X-Band Police Doppler Radar Gun Expected Performance Working Example Doppler Motion Sensors Summary Automotive RadarChallenges in Automotive Domain The Automotive Domain Surrounding SensingPerformance Limitations of Today's Automotive SRRsChallenges with Vehicle Integration SRR Packaging Challenges Automotive 77 Ghz vs. 24 Ghz Cost and Long Term Reliability Regulatory Issues Blockage Elements of Automotive Radar Antenna Analog Front End Radar Processor Waveforms for Automotive Radar Doppler Shift Linear Frequency ModulationFrequency Shift Keying Hybrid Waveform of FSK and LFM Pulse Compression LFM Waveform Range and Range Rate Estimation Target Detection Matched Filter and Ambiguity Function Estimation Accuracy Direction Finding Linear Array AntennaDigital Beamforming MonopulseSimultaneous Processing for Range, Doppler, and AngleFusion of Multiple Sensors Automotive Sensor Technology UltrasonicLidar Camera Fusion Algorithm Architecture Aspect Error Model of the Sensor Data Association Optimization Dynamic ModelsAlgorithm Summary Online Automatic Registration Case Studies of ADAS Fusion System Adaptive Cruise Control Forward Collision Warning and Braking Radars and the Urban Grand Challenge Summary Through-Wall RadarRadar Range Equation for Through Wall Radar Through-Wall Model1D Model for Simulating Range Profiles 2D Model for Simulating Rail SAR Imagery2D Model for Switched or Multiple Input Multiple Output ArraysExamples of Through-Wall Imaging SystemsS-Band Range Gated FMCW Rail SAR Implementation Expected Performance Results S-Band Switched Array Implementation Expected Performance Results Real-Time Through-Wall Radar Imaging System Implementation Expected Performance ResultsSummary

Gregory L. Charvat, Ph.D is co-founder of Butterfly Network Inc., visiting researcher at the Camera Culture Group MIT Media Lab, academic advisor to startups, and editor of the Gregory L. Charvat Series on Practical Approaches to Electrical Engineering. He was a technical staff member at MIT Lincoln Laboratory from September 2007 to November 2011, where his work on through-wall radar won best paper at the 2010 MSS Tri-Services Radar Symposium and is an MIT Office of the Provost 2011 research highlight. He has taught short radar courses at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where his Build a Small Radar Sensor course was the top-ranked MIT professional education course in 201l and has become widely adopted by other universities, laboratories, and private organizations. He has developed numerous rail SAR imaging sensors, phased array radar systems, and impulse radar systems; holds several patents; and has developed many other radar sensors and radio and audio equipment. He earned a Ph.D in electrical engineering in 2007, MSEE in 2003, and BSEE in 2002 from Michigan State University, and is a senior member of the IEEE, where he served on the steering committee for the 2010 and 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology and chaired the IEEE AP-S Boston Chapter from 2010-2011.