Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Metabolism The Rhythm of Life

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Providing a nuanced study of the connections between sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolis, this informative book examines how circadian actions affect the liver and adipose tissue, the brain, and metabolism. This important book introduces the reader to circadian rhythms in the body and the external cues that set them, discusses on a molecular and organ level how disrupting these clocks results in metabolic and sleep disorders, and looks at the clinical applications of circadian rhythms, with a focus on sleep.The book covers a variety of important research in the field, including:• The power of computational biology to uncover new nodes in the network of circadian rhythms• Circadian rhythms as they relates to obesity• How late-night shift conditions impair the body’s ability to keep time and promote metabolic diseases and how this can be mitigated by strategic planning of feeding times• The relationship between the suprachiasmatic nuclei and orexin neurons, demonstrating the elegant interplay between our biological clocks and wakefulness• How sleep disorders can result from irregular circadian rhythms and potential ways to diagnose this in individuals• How sleeping behaviors can disturb the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the repercussions of this disruption on female reproduction• How disruption of sleep can be clinically beneficial for depressed patients• How mental state is influenced by circadian rhythm

Introduction Introduction: The Watch Inside all of Us Regulation of Prokineticin 2 Expression by Light and the Circadian Clock, Michelle Y. Cheng, Eric L. Bittman, Samer Hattar, and Qun-Yong Zhou Circadian Signatures in Rat Liver: From Gene Expression to Pathways, Meric A. Ovacik, Siddharth Sukumaran, Richard R. Almon, Debra C. DuBois, William J. Jusko, and Ioannis P. Androulakis Body Weight, Metabolism, and Clock Genes, Melissa M. Zanquetta, Maria Lúcia Corrêa-Giannella, Maria Beatriz Monteiro, and Sandra M.F. Villares Metabolism at Night versus the Morning Circadian Desynchrony Promotes Metabolic Disruption in a Mouse Model of Shiftwork, Johanna L. Barclay, Jana Husse, Brid Bode, Nadine Naujokat, Judit Meyer-Kovac, Sebastian M. Schmid, Hendrik Lehnert, and Henrik Oster Circadian Rhythms and Obesity in Mammals, Oren Froy Food and the Circadian Activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, A. M. O. Leal and A. C. Moreira Circadian and Dark-Pulse Activation of Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons, Oliver J. Marston, Rhîannan H. Williams, Maria M. Canal, Rayna E. Samuels, Neil Upton, and Hugh D. Piggins Meal Time Shift Disturbs Circadian Rhythmicity Along with Metabolic and Behavioral Alterations in Mice, Ji-Ae Yoon, Dong-Hee Han, Jong-Yun Noh, Mi-Hee Kim, Gi Hoon Son, Kyungjin Kim, Chang-Ju Kim, Youngmi Kim Pak, and Sehyung Cho A Metabolic–Transcriptional Network Links Sleep and Cellular Energetics in the Brain, Jonathan P. Wisor Effects of Artificial Light and Sleep Disruption on Metabolism Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders, Akiko Hida, Shingo Kitamura, and Kazuo Mishima Shift Work, Jet Lag, and Female Reproduction, Megan M. Mahoney A New Approach to Understanding the Impact of Circadian Disruption on Human Health, Mark S. Rea, Andrew Bierman, Mariana G. Figueiro, and John D. Bullough Waking and Sleeping in the Rat Made Obese Through a High-Fat Hypercaloric Diet, Marco Luppi, Matteo Cerri, Davide Martelli, Domenico Tupone, Flavia Del Vecchio, Alessia Di Cristoforo, Emanuele Perez, Giovanni Zamboni, and Roberto Amici Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Brain Metabolism of Depressed Patients, Joseph C. Wu, J. Christian Gillin, Monte S. Buchsbaum, Tamara Hershey, J. Chad Johnson, and William E. Bunney, Jr. Index

William Olds has an undergraduate degree from University of Michigan and is working on his graduate degree at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, in the laboratory of Tian Xu. His current research focuses on satiety signals from the gut and how that communication to the brain breaks down in the pathogenesis of obesity.