Selenium in the Environment and Human Health Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Selenium in the Environment and Human Health, Hefei, China, 10-14 November 2013

Selenium is arguably the naturally occurring trace element of greatest concern worldwide. In excessive amounts it can lead to toxicosis and teratogenesis in animals, while the impact of selenium deficiency can be even more significant. Contributors from 22 countries explored the connections and inter-relationships between selenium in the environment, agriculture, human and animal health, and molecular and biochemistry processes to complete this book containing 90 peer-reviewed extended abstracts. The text represents glimpses of the presentations that were delivered at the 3rd International Conference on Selenium in the Environment and Human Health in 2013 in Hefei, China. We are indebted to the international authors representing a multitude of disciplines from academic, industry, and governments for sharing their extraordinary new knowledge on selenium research.

Preface Acknowledgements List of contributors 1 Biogeochemistry of selenium Role of climatic factors on the terrestrial distribution of selenium L.H.E. Winkel, T. Blazina, B. Vriens, R. Schubert & C.A. JohnsonAssessing global cycling of selenium: Analytical tools to quantify volatile species and their fluxesB. Vriens, L.H.E. Winkel, M. Lenz & M. BergSelenium in soil profiles and the rhizosphere soils of typical Kaschin-Beck disease areasY.Y. Lv, T. Yu, Z.F. Yang, Q.Y. Hou, B.Y. Ji, Y.F. Zhang & L.X. JinSelenium distribution linked to monsoon climate in the Chinese Loess Plateau T. Blazina, L.H.E. Winkel & M. BergFractionation and speciation of selenium in surface soil with deficient and adequate selenium D. Wang, J. Li, D. Liu & Y. LiuSelenium speciation in rock from a high selenium region in Ziyang, China Z. Ma & Z. BaoSelenium speciation in soils from selenosis area: Comparison between a Sequential Extraction Procedure and XAFS H.-B. Qin, J.-M. Zhu, Y. Takahashi & L.-R. ZhengBehaviour of native and applied selenium in Malawi soils A.D.C. Chilimba, S.D. Young, C.R. Black, M.R. Broadley & J. LammelUse of stable enriched selenite tracer in field experiments to investigate short- and long-term fate in soil of selenium P.D. Tullo, M. Bueno, I.L. Hécho, F. Pannier & Y. ThiryUse of stable isotope signatures in plants as a tool to explore the selenium cycle in the “critical zone”H.M. Banning, M. Stelling, E. Eiche, A.K. Nothstein, T. Neumann, R. Schoenberg, M. Riemann & P. NickThe source-partitioning of selenium volatilization in soil-Stanleya pinnata and Brassica juncea systems L. Jones, V. Sever, Z.-Q. Lin & G.S. Bañuelos 2 Effects of selenium on animal and human health Selenium status and widespread endocrine diseases—a critical view L. SchomburgThe effect of mycotoxins and selenium on the modification of cartilage proteoglycan sulphation J. Cao, M. Luo, J. Chen, Q. Fu, Z. Zhang & B. CatersonSelenium nutrition in Africa E.J.M. Joy, C.R. Black, S.D. Young, M.R. Broadley, E.L. Ander, M.J. Watts & A.D.C. ChilimbaDietary selenium intake in Zangtang county, a Kashin-Beck disease area in Sichuan Province, China T. Yu, Z.F. Yang, Y.Y. Lv, Q.Y. Hou & L.X. JinSelenium compounds as antioxidants and radioprotectors K.I. Priyadarsini, B.G. Singh, A. Kunwar, P. Prabhu & V.K. JainDifference of geographic region in plasma selenium level with risk of type 2 diabetes patients: Meta-analysis of cross-section studiesX. Jiang, L.-Q. Qin, B. Wang & X.-B. YinA preliminary study on inhibitory effect of selenium against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea Z. Wu, Q. Wang, M. Li, L. Yuan, X. Yin & Y. LiuBioaccessibility and transformations of selenium in the human intestine: Selenium-enriched crops versus food supplementsR.V.S. Lavu, T. Van de Wiele, V.L. Pratti, F.M.G. Tack & G.D. LaingFood selenium and the prevention of colorectal cancer G.H. McIntosh, Y. Hu & G.P. YoungOptimizing selenylation of seleno-astragali polysaccharide by Box-Behnken design, its characterization and antioxidant activity Y.-B. Ji, F. Dong, M. Yu, D. Liu & L. QinHow can we understand the epidemiology of selenium and type-2 diabetes? M.P. Rayman & S. StrangesSelenium in cancer prevention: Did we move too quickly? J.R. MarshallInteraction between selenoprotein P and tubulin and the implications in Alzheimer’s disease Z. Wang, X. Du, S. Qiu, C. Wang & Q. LiuEffect of sodium selenate on the level of extracellular homocysteine in Alzheimer’s disease model L.X. Wang, Q. Liu & P. ChenStudy of selenium content in foods in a high HIV prevalence community: A case study in Pala-Bondo district, Kenya S.B. Otieno, F. Were, E. Kabiru & K. WazaAnti-hepatoma effects of selenium-enriched foods on rats X. Lu, J. Wang, X. Yin & L. YuanSelenium accumulation and oxidation resistance in rats fed with typical selenium-enriched plant materials X. Lu, J. Wang, X. Yin & L. Yuan 3 Biological uptake and accumulation of selenium Characteristics of selenium in soil and plants of Ping’an county, Qinghai province of China D.S. Yu, D.L. Liang, J.J. Liu, R. Zhang & X.F. SunSelenium accumulation in roots and shoots of different Malaysian rice varieties N. Alifar, Z.A. Rahman, C.F. Ishak, G. Sharifianpour & Y. AwangSpeciation-dependent uptake of selenium by rice (Oryza sativa) from varying substrates A.K. Nothstein, E. Eiche, M. Stelling, G. Konrad, M. von Brasch, R. Kosmala, T. Neumann, M. Riemann, R. Brendel & P. NickDistribution of selenium in orange in the citrus orchards under different soil and water conservation conditions B.J. ZhangDifferent water-and-soil conservation measures in citrus orchard on selenium distribution in red soil T. YinEffect of soil nano-selenium fertilizers on selenium accumulation and distribution in mulberry trees Y. Deng, L. Yang, Z. Wu, H. Zhang, Y. Xu, M. Li & X. YinEffects of selenium on crop yield and accumulation of selenium, nutrients, and other elements in paddy rice X.L. Chen, C.H. Wei, Z.Y. Bao, H. Tian & Y. GuoEffects of soil selenate and selenite on selenium accumulation and distribution in Pak choi L. Guo, D.L. Liang, N. Man & J.Y. XieSelenium distributions in Cordyceps militaris from different areas in China Q. Li & C. ZhangDrumming up selenium and sulphur in Africa: Improving nutrition with Moringa oleifera G.H. Lyons, C. Gondwe, G.S. Bañuelos, M.C. Zambrano, A. Haug & O.A. ChristophersenEvaluation of selenium on germplasm and selenium content in wheat seedlings L.R.G. Guilherme, G.A. Souza, J.G. Carvalho, J.C. Albrecht, M. Rutzke & L. LiEvaluation of wheat tolerance to high selenium fertilization and its associated SNP markers in common wheat A. Wang, T. Li, F. Sun, G. Lan, S. Gu & G. BaiDetermination of total selenium and identification of selenium compounds using ICP-MS in Australian wheat flours W. Tjong, P.D. Morrison & D.M. SmallThe effects of selenium on yield and active ingredients of medicinal Chrysanthemum flower at different growth stages X.Q. Yao, C. Si & J.Z. ChuProtective effect of selenium in oilseed rape plants subjected to cadmium and lead exposure Z. Wu, M. Li, L. Yuan, X. Yin & Y. LiuSelenium-resistant microorganisms from rhizosphere of novel selenium hyperaccumulator Cardamine hupingshanesis (Brassicaceae) in Enshi, China X. Tong, L. Luo, L. Yuan & X. Yin 4 Selenium biofortification Effects of nationwide addition of selenium to fertilizers on foods and animal and human health in Finland G. AlfthanHigh-selenium upland rice: Agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition A.R. Reis, L.R.G. Guilherme, M.F. Moraes & S.J. RamosBiofortification of field crops with selenium in Mediterranean conditions S.P. McGrath, M.J. Poblaciones & S.M. RodrigoUptake of selenate versus selenite in Zea mays: Biofortification of crops and forage M. Longchamp & M. Castrec-RouelleSelenium accumulation in selenium-biofortified tea from Xuancheng, Anhui, China J. Kong, G. Xi, X. Hong, S. Zhou & Q. ZhouSelenium accumulation in Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) from southern Anhui, China Q. Zhou, S. Zhou, X. Yin & L. YuanUse of selenium-contaminated plants from phytoremediation for production of selenium-enriched edible mushroomsZ.-Q. Lin, S. Haddad, J. Hong, J. Morrissy, G.S. Bañuelos & L.Y. ZhangSelenium biofortification differences on thin and fat types of edible fungi L. Luo, L. Yuan & X. YinPlants used in the phytomanagement of selenium may be useful for producing selenium-biofortified plant products G.S. BañuelosEffects of selenium fertilization on selenium accumulation, nutrient contents and yield in baby pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) G.F. Xi, C.-X. Yao, S.B. Zhou & J.J. KongSelenium biofortified maize in typical selenium deficient areas of China Y. Zhu, X. Yin, S. Liu & L. YuanThe selenium speciation in the seeds of the common wheat genotypes tending to accu

Dr. Gary Bañuelos is a Plant/Soil scientist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Water Management Research Unit, Parlier, California, and adjunct professor at the University of California and California State University-Fresno. Dr. Bañuelos began work with "green technology" with Professor H. Marschner in Germany and focuses his research on the phytoremediation of soils and waters laden with selenium, boron, and salinity in California, and on integrated production of innovative biofortified and bio-based products (e.g., biofuel, Se-enriched feeds, and organic fertilizer/herbicides). He strives for creating a sustainable green strategy for managing trace elements in the United States and in other parts of the world. Dr. Bañuelos is the principle author of over 140 refereed technical journals on the topic of phytoremediation and has co-edited four books. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in German from California State University, Bachelor of Science in Crop Science, and Master of Science degree in International Agriculture from California Poly-Technical University, while his diploma in Plant Biology was earned at the University of Tubingen, Germany, and doctorate in Agriculture/Plant Nutrition at Hohenheim University, Germany, as a U.S. National Science Foundation Fellow.Dr. Z.-Q. Lin is a Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences and the Director of the Environmental Sciences Program at Southern Illinois University - Edwardsville in Illinois. Dr. Lin received his BS degree in Environmental Biology from Liaoning University in China, MS degree in Pollution Ecology from Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Ph.D. degree in Renewable Resources from McGill University in Canada. He was a post-graduate researcher on biogeochemistry of selenium at University of California - Berkeley. His research is related to the biogeochemistry of environmentally important trace elements, with a special focus on biological accumulation, transformation, and volatilization processes of selenium in the air-water-soil-plant system. He is the author or coauthor of over 65 peer-reviewed articles published in scientific journals, proceedings and monographs.Dr. Xuebin Yin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences and the Director of Advanced Lab for Selenium and Human Health, at University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Dr. Yin started his research on selenium biogeochemistry, phytoremediation and biofortification with Professor Liguang Sun at USTC in 1998, and continued with Professor Yongming Luo at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2005. His research is related to the biogeochemistry of trace/macro elements (such as, selenium, zinc, calcium, iron, iodine and fluorine), with a special emphasis on their biological transformation process, health issue and utilization in the agriculture and foods. He is the author or coauthor of over 40 refereed journal and review articles, proceedings, and book chapters. He has worked twice as chair of the organizing committee for the Selenium conference. Dr. Yin received his Bachelor of Science degree (2000) in Geochemistry, Ph. D. degree of Environmental Science (2005) from USTC.