Scour and Erosion Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Scour and Erosion, Perth, Australia, 2-4 December 2014

The 7th International Conference on Scour and Erosion (ICSE 2014) was organised by the School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering and the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems at the University of Western Australia under the guidance of the Technical Committee 213 for Scour and Erosion of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). This biennial conference draws together leading academics, scientists and engineers engaged in scour and erosion research to present and exchange their latest scientific findings. These proceedings, together with the six previous proceedings dating from 2002, present a rare collection of technical and scientific developments in scour and erosion research which have been established over the last 12 years.This book includes state-of-the-art papers in scour and erosion from ICSE 2014, covering the 6 themes of: internal erosion, sediment transport, advanced numerical modelling of scour and erosion, terrestrial scour and erosion, river/bridge scour and erosion, and marine scour and erosion. The proceedings include 5 keynote lectures from world leading researches cutting across the themes of scour and erosion, together with 87 peer-reviewed papers from 19 countries. This book is ideal for researchers and industry working at the forefront of scour and erosion, both with application to rivers and marine operations.

Preface Committees List of reviewers Keynote lectures An overview of piping models G.J.C.M. Hoffmans Marine scour: Lessons from Nature’s laboratory J.M. Harris & R.J.S. Whitehouse Scour and erosion phenomena occurring in waterways – recent advances C. Chevalier, C. Pham Van Bang, E. Durand, I. Charles & G. Herrier Scour at various hydraulic structures: Sluice gates, submerged bridges, low weirB.W. Melville A review of recent advances in numerical modelling of local scour problems B.M. Sumer Internal erosion Internal erosion resistance of soils treated with lime: An evolutive benefit G. Herrier & S. Bonelli 3D character of backward erosion piping: Small-scale experiments K. Vandenboer, A. Bezuijen & V.M. van Beek Experimental findings regarding piping failure of embankments T. Tanaka, S. Nagai, H. Doi & T. Hirose A case study of piping failure of dams caused by Typhoon No. 15 in 2011 on Awaji Island T. Tanaka, S. Kusumi, T. Miki, R. Tachimura & K. Inoue Experimental investigation – influence of the shape of the gradation curve on the soil structure H. Jentsch, M.R. Saheli Sadaghiani, P.Winkler & K.J.Witt Influence of sand type on pipe development in small- and medium-scale experiments V.M. van Beek, K. Vandenboer & A. Bezuijen Separation of grain size distribution for application of self-filtration criteria in suffusion assessment H.D. To & A. Scheuermann How a suspended cut-off wall functions: Effect of soil anisotropy in a levee foundation D.Y.Wang, X.D. Fu, Y.X. Jie & Q.F. Feng Suffusion study of coarse soils treated with lime R. Elandaloussi, A. Bennabi & J.C. Dupla Effects of internal erosion on undrained responses of soils with different initial fines contents M. Ouyang, L. Ke & A. Takahashi Using the ICOLD Bulletin to investigate some internal erosion incidents in embankment dams R. Bridle Physical model tests on suffusion-induced change of spatial distribution of fine fraction in embankments K. Horikoshi & A. Takahashi Assessment of exit hydraulic gradients at the toe of levees in water drawdown conditions N.P. López-Acosta, M.A. Sánchez, G. Auvinet & J.-M. Pereira Micromechanical simulation of hydraulic erosion instabilities H.M.D. Harshani, S.A. Galindo-Torres & A. Scheuermann Assessment of suffusion susceptibility of soils from a British dam A. Benamar & A. Bennabi Effect of hydraulic load and water chemistry on soil suffusion A. Benamar Winnowing at circular piers under currents B. de Sonneville, R. Joustra & H. Verheij Systematic methodology for characterization of suffusion sensibility D. Marot, A. Rochim, H.H. Nguyen, F. Bendahmane & L. Sibille Characterization of interface erosion sensibility on compacted cohesive soils D. Marot, H.H. Nguyen, F. Bendahmane, O. Amiri & S. Bonnet Effect of internal erosion on deformation characteristics in the triaxial compression test M. Sato & R. Kuwano Constrictions and filtration of fine particles in numerical granular filters: Influence of the fabric within the material W. Li, E. Vincens, N. Reboul & B. Chareyre Development of an experimental research program into backward erosion piping R.J. Allan, K. Douglas & W.L. Peirson Evaluation of mechanical properties of sand loosened due to piping Y. Yang & R. Kuwano Sediment transport Effect of sediment supply on suction scour under a rock berm H. An, L. Cheng, C. Luo, S. Draper, D. White & E. Jas Direct numerical simulation of particle saltation in the bed-load regime C. Ji, D. Liu, D. Xu & J.J.R.Williams River sediment transport monitoring using Time Domain Reflectometry C.-C. Chung, C.-P. Lin, K.-C. Chang, J.-L. Ma & C.-S. Huang Large-scale dike breaching experiments at Lillo in Belgium P. Peeters, G. Zhao, L. De Vos & P.J. Visser Advanced numerical modelling of scour and erosion Results of Jet Erosion Tests numerical modelling F. Mercier, S. Bonelli, P. Philippe, P. Pinettes, F. Golay, F. Anselmet & J.J. Fry On the numerical modelling of the Hole Erosion Test F. Mercier, S. Bonelli, P. Philippe, F. Golay, F. Anselmet, P. Pinettes & J.J. Fry Seabed shear stress amplification around subsea pipelines: Part 1, 2D parametric study with currents T. Griffiths, F. Zhao, M. Kalkhoven,W. Shen, M. Xu, Z. Zan & J. Leggoe Shear stress amplification around subsea pipelines: Part 3, 3D study of spanning pipelines W. Shen, T. Griffiths, Z. Zan & J. Leggoe Seabed shear stress amplification around subsea pipelines: Part 2, 2D parametric study with waves and combined waves/currents T. Griffiths, F. Zhao, M. Kalkhoven,W. Shen, M. Xu, Z. Zan & J. Leggoe Granular packing generation using DEM – Modified Force-Biased-Algorithm P.Winkler, M.R. Salehi Sadaghiani, H. Jentsch & K.J.Witt 2D numerical modelling of the HET: Hydrodynamic forces on the pipe wall particles J. Sjah, E. Vincens & J.-C. Marongiu Analysis of pile scour and associated hydrodynamic forces using proper orthogonal decomposition N.G. Jacobsen, G. van Velzen & J. Fredsøe Three dimensional numerical simulations of hydrodynamics and morphodynamics on rapidly varied channel C.T. Liao, K.C. Yeh, Y.F. Jia & J.J. Liao Numerical analysis of seepage-induced erosion of soils by solving the Darcy-Brinkman equations K. Fujisawa, K. Sakai & A. Murakami Pore-scale study of permeability and tortuosity for flow through particulate media using virtual approach M. Chekired & R. Roubtsova Numerical modelling of rock scour: Case study ofWivenhoe Dam (Australia) E.F.R. Bollaert, C.S. Stratford & E.J. Lesleighter Local scour around two pipelines in tandem in steady current M. Zhao, S. Vaidya, K. Kaja & J. Thapa Large displacements and fluidization of sand due to seepage J. Grabe & B. Stefanova Breaching of levees: An erosion model that takes into account the soil tensile strength Z. Liu, S. Bonelli & F. Mercier Accumulative damage and dissipated energy during saltation abrasion of soft rock – a micromechanics perspective K.-W. Li, T.Y.-W. Pan, J.-J. Liao & C.-S. Ku Terrestrial scour and erosion Mechanical properties of a cemented silty soil for prevention of erosion of irrigation facilities in Cambodia S. Pheng & Y. Kohgo Hydrodynamic erosion in cohesive embankment breach G. Zhao, P.J. Visser, P. Peeters & J.K. Vrijling River/bridge scour and erosion Pressure-flow scour at bridges B.W. Melville Time variation of scour depth around complex abutment R. Mohammadpour, A. Ghani & N.A. Zakaria Experimental and numerical study on bed deformation with velocity around T spur dike S.A.S. Mousavi, M.R. Pirestani &A.R. Mehrnahad 3D configuration of backwater upstream of constrictions S.A. Salamatian, M. Karimaee & S.S. Kalantari Comparisons of time dependent pier scour models under unsteady flow conditions J.-H. Hong, Y.-M. Chiew & P.-H. Yeh Mutual interference of bridge piers placed in staggered arrangement on local scour B. Mubeen Effect of sediment concentration on the erosion of weak rocks evaluated by mini jet tests M.W. Huang, M.H. Cheng, B.Y. Lin, J.J. Liao &Y.W. Pan Temporal variation of scouring topography around dual bridge piers M. Selamoglu, A.M. Yanmaz & M. Koken Laboratory investigation of the extreme shear stress in the scour holes downstream of dual grade-control structures with a PIV system J.Y. Lu, C.L.Wen & S.Y. Lu Visualization guided experimental study on closely spaced bridge pier models R. Malik, S. Ravish & B. Setia Experimental and numerical investigation of scour phenomena at rectangular bridge abutment H. Basser, S. Akib, R. Cheraghi, H. Karami, A. Jahangirzadeh, M. Amirmojahedi & S. Naji A real scale experimental dike in lime-treated soil: Evaluation of the methodology, mechanical and hydraulic performance I. Charles, G. Herrier, C. Chevalier, E. Durand, D. Puiatti, J.-M. Fleureau, S. Taibi, S. Bonelli & J.-J. Fry Effect of collar shapes in reduction of local scour around the bridge piers A. Jahang

Liang Cheng.Liang got his BE from Tsinghua University in 1983 and PhD from Dalian University of Technology, China in 1990. He joined The University of Western Australia (UWA) in 1992 as a Research Associate and has been a Winthrop Professor in Civil Engineering since 2006. Liang’s research areas cover vortex-induced vibrations of offshore structures, sediment transport, flow/structure/seabed interactions and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of various industrial flows. Liang has published widely (about 200 publications) in his career and has won a number of government and industrial awards for his research contributions to offshore oil and gas industry. Scott Draper.Scott has been an Assistant Professor at UWA (funded by the Lloyds Register Foundation) since September 2011. He completed a DPhil (PhD) in Engineering Science at the University of Oxford in 2011 on fluid mechanical aspects of marine renewable energy. Since commencing at UWA Scott has worked as part of a multidisciplinary team on problems of scour and sediment transport with application to stability design of subsea pipelines. Much of this work has been performed through the STABLEpipe Joint Industry Project. Scott has authored around 40 publications. Hongwei An.Hongwei got his B.E. from Dalian Ocean University (China) in 2002, M.E. from Dalian University of Technology (China) in 2005 and PhD from The University of Western Australia (UWA) in 2010 and since then Hongwei has been working at UWA as a Research Assistant Professor through the STABLEpipe Joint Industry Project. Hongwei’s research directions include sediment transport, flow/structure/seabed interactions and numerical modelling of flow structure interactions.