Ritual and Morality The Ritual Purity System and its Place in Judaism

The book describes in detail the ritual purity system of the Hebrew Bible, and its development into the system of the rabbis. Certain human conditions require purification before contact is made with holy foods or areas. Recent scholarly theories (Milgrom, Neusner, Douglas) are discussed, and new theories are proposed for the origin of the Red Cow and Scapegoat rites. It is argued that the impurities concerned all derive from the human cycle of generation, birth and death, from which the Sanctuary is to be guarded; not because it needs protection from demonic powers (as in other ancient purity systems), but because of the reverence due to the divine presence. While the priestly code of holiness displays traces of earlier conceptions, its ritual has lost urgent salvific force, and has become a protocol for the Temple and a dedicatory code for a priestly people; the sources distinguish it from universal morality.

Preface; 1. The sources of impurity: the human corpse; 2. The corpse in the tent: an excursus; 3. The sources of impurity: menstruation; 4. The sources of impurity: childbirth, the Zab and Zabah; 5. Normal emissions; 6. Animals and purity; 7. Impurity and sacrifices; 8. The Red Cow: part one; 9. The Red Cow: part two; 10. Leprosy; 11. The purification of the leper; 12. Corpse and leper: an excursus; 13. Ritual purity in the New Testament; 14. Milgrom on purity in the Bible; 15. From demons to ethics; 16. Ritual purity and morality; Appendices.

Maccoby explains clearly the ritual purity system of the Hebrew Bible. He focuses on the various human conditions which are not sinful, but which disqualify Israelites from entering the Temple unless they have been purified. Recent theories of the ritual purity rules are discussed and common misconceptions are corrected.