Remaking Cities Urban Reforms in Ahmedabad and Kanpur, India

This book presents a systematic analysis of the differential implementation of the urban reforms in two Indian cities, Ahmedabad and Kanpur. It analyses the enactment of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), launched in 2005 by the Indian government, which aimed to spatially reorient cities into market-friendly places across 65 cities but finished with only modest success. The volume discusses the specificities of urban governance systems, colonial municipal histories and nationalist struggle in relation to urban planning and policy reforms to showcase how policies insensitive to these are likely to fail. It identifies historically constituted municipal capacity – located in the municipal organisation at the city level – as the key determinant of divergent trajectories of the spatial changes. The analysis demonstrates that in Ahmedabad the politics of the city was historically oriented towards peoples’ relationship with their spaces, enabling a coherent municipal organisation. In the case of Kanpur, however, the local politics evolved in a way that the urban question remained unresolved, which resulted in a fragmented municipal organisation. This variation in the architectures of municipal organisations in the two cities resulted in different levels of municipal capacities at the time of the inauguration of the JNNURM. A richly detailed case study on urban governance issues and development in Indian cities, this book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of urban studies, urban politics, development studies, social anthropology, social history, political science, development studies, public policy and governance, urban sociology and South Asian studies.

List of Illustrations Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction: Why Urban Reform Initiatives Fail? 2 Conceptualising the Municipal Organisation 3 Implementing JNNURM: Ahmedabad and Kanpur 4 Making of the Municipal Organisation: Ahmedabad 5 Making of the Municipal Organisation: Kanpur 6 Making of Municipal Capacity: Ahmedabad and Kanpur 7 Conclusion: Political Determinants of Remaking Cities Annexure-I: List of Cities Included under the JNNURM Annexure-II: The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992 Annexure-III: Suggested Dos and Don'ts for Preparation of City Development Plan (CDP) JNNURM Index

Praveen Priyadarshi is Assistant Professor of Politics at IIIT, Delhi. He is interested in urban politics, democracy and governance. He brings the categories of space, institutions and policies to bear upon the conceptualisation of everyday politics in the cities of the global South. A PhD in Development Studies from the London School of Economics, he has been an associate at the Crisis States Research Centre, LSE and the Developing Countries Research Centre (DCRC), University of Delhi. He was also the Tata PhD Fellow at the Asia Research Centre (ARC), LSE.