Pro refrigerio animae: Death and Memory in East-Central Europe Fourteenth-Nineteenth Centuries

The historiography of death, memory, and testamentary practices is already abundantinWestern Europe and a fairly large number of extra-European regions. For East-Central Europe there are many short studies in various regional languages, mainly on anthropological/ethnographic aspects of the funeral rituals. This is an edited collection of studies by international scholars on the interlocking themes of attitudes and discourses on death, commemorative practices, and inheritance/testamentary strategies in the Balkans and East-Central Europe. These and other related themes are addressed comparatively and cover areas including Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and areas of the former Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Austria from the perspective of imperial – Ottoman and Habsburg – legacies. Pro refrigerio animae: Death and Memory in East-Central Europe contributes to this subject by: linking anthropological/religious/cultural approaches to death to the legal/economic aspects of inheritance/commemoration; adding a still absent East-Central European and Habsburg, Balkan, and Ottoman dimension to the study of death, memorialization, and testaments; and presenting an abundant primary and secondary material in English translation and thus placing research on death and testaments by East-Central and Greek scholars within the international scholarly circuit.

Introduction Part 1: DEATH AND FUNERARY PRACTICES 1. Amila Buturovic, Death and Dying in Ottoman Bosnia: Cultural Responses, Before and After (1463-1878) 2. Petronel Zahariuc, The Cult of the Dead in Moldavia (Seventeenth-Early Nineteenth Centuries): Between Liturgical Norm and Social Practice 3. Gheorghe Lazar, “The Last Passage”: Commemorative Discourse and Practices in the Testaments of Merchants (Wallachia, Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries) Part 2: TESTAMENTS, PROPERTY, FAMILY 4. Zoran Ladic, From Fear of Death to the Salvation of the Soul and Eternal Life: Reasons for Composing Last Wills in the East Adriatic (Thirteenth-Fifteenth Centuries) 5. Penka Danova and Elena Kostova, Demise Far from Home: Testaments of Ragusans Who Died in Bulgarian Lands in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries 6. Konstantinos Giakoumis, "For a Christian Ending to Our Life": Church Endowments, Commemoration, and Tomb Purchases in the West Balkans (Fourteenth-Nineteenth Centuries) 7. Elena Bedreag and Mihai Mîrza, Families without Children: Testamentary Norms and Practices among Moldavian Boyars (Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries) 8. Mariana Lazar, Strategies of Succession in the Testaments of the Cantacuzino Family (Wallachia, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries) 9. Mária Lupescu Makó, Between Material and Spiritual Memoria: Last Wills and Testaments in Late Medieval Transylvania (Fifteenth–Mid-Sixteenth Centuries) Part 3: FUNERARY ART, MONUMENTS, AND MEMORIALIZATION 10. J.J. Labno, Dead but not Departed: The Consolation of the Dangerous Gaze: Funerary Portraits in Early Modern Poland and Roman Egypt 11. Aleksandra Koutny-Jones, Portraying the Dead in Early Modern Hungarian and Polish Funerary Traditions 12. Maria Craciun, “The Death of the Righteous”: Agency, Memory, Self-Representation, and Identity in Transylvanian Medieval Altarpieces 13. Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu, Moldavian Eighteenth-Century Diptychs: Prosopographic Sources for Social History 14. Maria Magdalena Székely, Princely Necropoles in Medieval Moldavia (Fiteen-Sixteen Centuries) 15. Stefan S. Gorovei, Lost Monuments: The ‘Death’ of Family Necropoles in Medieval Moldavia Appendix

Angela Jianu studied English and classics at the University of Bucharest in Romania and obtained a PhD in history from the University of York (UK) in 2004. She currently works as an independent historian, copy editor, and translator. Her publications include: "Women, Fashion and Europeanisation in the Romanian Principalities," in Women in the Ottoman Balkans, eds. Amila Buturovic and Irvin C. Schick (2007) (trans. into Turkish as Osmanli Doneminde Balkan Kadinlari, 2009); Earthly Delights – Economies and Cultures of Food in Ottoman and Danubian Europe, c. 1500-1900, eds. Angela Jianu and Violeta Barbu (Brill, Leiden, 2018). Gheorghe Lazar is a senior research fellow at the "Nicolae Iorga" Institute of History (Bucharest, Romania), co-editor (with Violeta Barbu) and coordinator of the collection of mediaeval documents Documenta Romaniae Historica B. Wallachia, published by the Romanian Academy (10 volumes, 1998–2016). He obtained a PhD in history at Laval-Québec University in 2005. His doctoral dissertation was published in 2006 as: Naissance et ascension d’une catégorie sociale: Les marchands en Valachie (XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles) (Romanian Academy Award 2008). His published works include edited documents of social, economic, and family history: Marturie pentru posteritate: Testamentul negustorului Ioan Baluta din Craiova (2010); Documente privitoare la negustorii din Tara Româneasca, vol. 1 (1656–1688), vol. 2 (1689–1714) (2013, 2014); Testamente de negustori si mestesugari din Tara Româneasca (secolele XVII-XIX), 2021.