Porous Pavements

Written by a renowned expert with 25 years of experience in urban watershed management, Porous Pavements is the first comprehensive "encyclopedia" of porous pavement materials. The book begins with five chapters that lay a foundation for all porous pavement materials and applications, introducing the types of materials and arrangements, their roles in the urban environment, and the principles of pavement structure, hydrology, and rooting space. The following nine chapters outline the costs, maintenance requirements, advantages and disadvantages for different applications, installation methods, sources of standard specifications, and performance levels for each family of porous pavement materials.

Pavements are the most ubiquitous of all man-made structures, and they have an enormous impact on environmental quality. They are responsible for hydrocarbon pollutants, excess runoff, groundwater decline and the resulting local water shortages, temperature increases in the urban "heat island," and for the ability of trees to extend their roots in order to live. Porous pavements, despite their ability to mitigate these factors, remain the object of much skepticism and controversy.Written by a renowned expert with 25 years of experience in urban watershed management, Porous Pavements is the first comprehensive "encyclopedia" of porous pavement materials. The book begins with five chapters that lay a foundation for all porous pavement materials and applications, introducing the types of materials and arrangements, their roles in the urban environment, and the principles of pavement structure, hydrology, and rooting space. The following nine chapters outline the costs, maintenance requirements, advantages and disadvantages for different applications, installation methods, sources of standard specifications, and performance levels for each family of porous pavement materials.Relying on case studies and factual data from observed experience, and containing abundant references for further information, Porous Pavements gives responsible practitioners a complete toolbox from which to select the appropriate material for site-specific conditions, providing a "green" alternative to impervious pavements.

PREFACEWHY MAKE PAVEMENTS POROUSThe Magnitude of Pavements in AmericaWhere Not to Make Pavements PorousThe Promise of Clean WaterThe Promise of Long-Lived TreesThe Promise of Cool CitiesThe Promise of Safe DrivingThe Promise of Reducing CostThe Promise of Meeting Development RegulationsThe Promise of Preserving Native EcosystemsThe Promise of BeautyAcknowledgementsReferencesDIMENSIONS OF POROUS PAVEMENT INSTALLATIONSPorous Pavement ComponentsPorous Pavement MaterialsExamples of Selective ApplicationProvisions for All Porous Pavement ApplicationsAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesPOROUS PAVEMENT STRUCTUREThe Load of Traffic on PavementThe Bearing of Load by SubgradeThe Structural Roles of Pavement MaterialCompaction and Its AlternativesPavement Adaptation to FreezingPavement Adaptation to Special SubgradesPavement Adaptation at EdgesAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesPOROUS PAVEMENT HYDROLOGYSurface Infiltration and RunoffDisposition of Water Below Pavement SurfaceStorage in Pavement ReservoirReservoir Discharge Through Perforated PipeInfiltration Into SubgradeWater-Quality TreatmentThe Importance of Small StormsAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesPOROUS PAVEMENT TREE ROOTING MEDIAViable Rooting MediaRooting VolumeThe Role of a Pavement's Surface CourseBase Course Rooting MediaRooting Space in SubgradeSpecial Treatment at the Tree BaseAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesPOROUS AGGREGATEGeneral Characteristics of Aggregate MaterialsMineral Aggregate MaterialsESCS Aggregate MaterialsRecycled Aggregate MaterialsPorous Aggregate SurfacesPorous Aggregate Surfaces in Pedestrian PlazasPorous Aggregate Surfaces in Residential DrivewaysPorous Aggregate Surfaces in Parking LotsPorous Aggregate Surfaces in Work and Equipment PlatformsPorous Aggregate Surfaces in PlaygroundsPorous Aggregate Base Courses and ReservoirsPorous Aggregate Filter Layers and Use of GeotextilesAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesPOROUS TURF R.B. SawhillRelationship Between Turf and TrafficTurfgrass Species and VarietiesTurf ConstructionTurf MaintenanceTurf Infiltration RateUnreinforced Turf for Pedestrian TrafficUnreinforced Turf for Vehicular TrafficTurf ReinforcementReinforced Turf for Vehicular TrafficAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesPLASTIC GEOCELLSGeocell InstallationMaintenance CostGeoblockGrasspaveGrassroad and TufftrackGrassy PaversGravelpaveNetpaveOther Models of Plastic GeocellsFlexible Plastic WebsAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesOPEN-JOINTED PAVING BLOCKSThe Concrete Paving Block IndustryConfiguration and Use of Block SurfacesConstruction of Open-Jointed Block PavementsJoint-Fill Materials and Their ImplicationsFactors in Stability and InfiltrationDrainstone Concrete BlockEcoloc Concrete BlockEco-Logic Concrete BlockEco-Stone Concrete BlockSF-Rima Concrete BlockPaving Blocks of Other MaterialsOpen Patterns With Rectangular Paving BlocksAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesOPEN-CELLED PAVING GRIDSThe Concrete Grid Manufacturing IndustryConstruction of Open-Celled Grid PavementsGrass Performance in Grid CellsAmbergrid Concrete GridCheckerblock Concrete GridGrasscrete Concrete Grid SlabMonoslab Concrete GridTurfstone Concrete GridOther Models of Concrete GridsOpen-Celled Paving BricksAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesPOROUS CONCRETEThe Porous Concrete Paving IndustryAdvantages and Disadvantages of Porous ConcreteHydrology of Porous ConcreteConstituents of Porous ConcreteConstruction of Porous Concrete PavementsJoints in Porous ConcreteCare Required in Porous Concrete InstallationPorous Concrete in Successful and Unsuccessful InstallationsFurther Installations on Sandy SubgradesPorous Concrete on the West CoastPorous Concrete on Fine-Texture SubgradesToward Porous Concrete in Cold ClimatesAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesPOROUS ASPHALTComponents of Asphalt MixturesEarly Porous Asphalt MixturesContemporary Changes in Porous Asphalt MixturesConstruction of Porous Asphalt PavementPorous Asphalt Construction CostPorous Asphalt HydrologyPorous Asphalt Maintenance and RehabilitationPorous Asphalt Pavements in PracticePorous Asphalt in OverlaysAcknowledgementsReferencesSOFT POROUS SURFACING K. SorvigThe Theory and Practice of SoftnessWhere to use SPSSafety and Accessibility of Loose-Fill SurfacesSPS InstallationConsiderations for Use of Organic MaterialsWood and Bark MaterialsExamples of Wood and Bark Mulch InstallationsOrganic Crop ByproductsMollusk ShellsGranular Recycled RubberAcknowledgementsTrademarksReferencesDECKS G.A. Coyle Deck Components and EffectsNatural Wood in Deck ConstructionPlastic and Composite Lumber in Deck ConstructionOn-Grade DecksElevated DecksDecks in PracticeTrademarksAcknowledgementsReferences

Bruce Ferguson