Physics of Optoelectronics WITH CD-ROM

Physics of Optoelectronics integrates into one comprehensive treatment introductions to semiconductor lasers and optics, linear algebra and quantum mechanics for optoelectronics, and quantum optics. It builds all the background you need to understand current research and publications of laser engineering-physics, from the basics of lasers and LEDs through the rate equations to the quantum mechanical expressions for gain and optical fields. Topics include an introduction to semiconductor lasers, a review of laser dynamics, classical electromagnetics and lasers, vector and Hilbert spaces and other mathematical foundations, quantum fields and other fundamentals of light, matter-light interaction, and semiconductor emitters and detectors.

Physics of Optoelectronics focuses on the properties of optical fields and their interaction with matter. Understanding that lasers, LEDs, and photodetectors clearly exemplify this interaction, the author begins with an introduction to lasers, LEDs, and the rate equations, then describes the emission and detection processes.The book summarizes and reviews the mathematical background of the quantum theory embodied in the Hilbert space. These concepts highlight the abstract form of the linear algebra for vectors and operators, supplying the "pictures" that make the subject more intuitive. A chapter on dynamics includes a brief review of the formalism for discrete sets of particles and continuous media. It also covers the quantum theory necessary for the study of optical fields, transitions, and semiconductor gain. This volume supplements the description of lasers and LEDs by examining the fundamental nature of the light that these devices produce. It includes an analysis of quantized electromagnetic fields and illustrates inherent quantum noise in terms of Poisson and sub-Poisson statistics. It explains matter-light interaction in terms of time-dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, and concludes with a detailed discussion of semiconductor emitters and detectors.

INTRODUCTION TO SEMICONDUCTOR LASERSBasic Components and the Role of Feedback Basic Properties of Lasers Introduction to Emitter Construction Introduction to Matter and Bonds Introduction to Bands and Transitions Introduction to the pn Junction for the Laser DiodeIntroduction to Light and Optics Introduction to Noise in Optoelectronic Components Review Exercises Further Reading INTRODUCTION TO LASER DYNAMICSIntroduction to the Rate Equations Stimulated Emission-Absorption and Gain The Power-Current CurvesRelations for Cavity Lifetime, Reflectance and Internal Loss Modulation Bandwidth Introduction to RIN and the Weiner-Khintchine TheoremRelative Intensity Noise for the Semiconductor Laser Review Exercises Further ReadingCLASSICAL ELECTROMAGNETICS AND LASERSA Brief Review of Maxwell's Equations and the Constituent Relations ConditionsThe Wave EquationBoundary Conditions for the Electric and Magnetic Fields Law of Reflection, Snell's Law and the Reflectivity The Poynting VectorElectromagnetic Scattering and Transfer Matrix Theory The Fabry-Perot Laser Introduction to Waveguides Physical Optics Approach to WaveguidingDispersion in Waveguides The Displacement Current and Photoconduction Review ExercisesFurther Reading MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONSVector and Hilbert SpacesDirac Notation and Euclidean Vector SpacesHilbert Space The Grahm-Schmidt Orthonormalization ProcedureLinear Operators and Matrix RepresentationsAn Algebra of Operators and Commutators Operators and Matrices in Tensor Product SpaceUnitary Operators and Similarity Transformations Hermitian Operators and the Eigenvector Equation A Relation Between Unitary and Hermitian OperatorsTranslation OperatorsFunctions in Rotated Coordinates Dyadic NotationMinkowski SpaceReview ExercisesFurther Reading FUNDAMENTALS OF DYNAMICSIntroduction to Generalized Coordinates Introduction to the Lagrangian and the HamiltonianClassical Commutation RelationsClassical Field TheorySchrodinger Equation from a Lagrangian Linear Algebra and the Quantum TheoryBasic Operators of Quantum MechanicsThe Harmonic OscillatorQuantum Mechanical RepresentationsTime Dependent Perturbation TheoryDensity OperatorReview ExercisesFurther Reading LIGHTA Brief Overview of the Quantum Theory of Electromagnetic FieldsThe Classical Vector Potential and Gauges The Plane Wave Expansion of the Vector Potential and the FieldsThe Quantum Fields The Quantum Free-Field Hamilton and EM FieldsIntroduction to Fock StatesFockstates as Eigenstates of the EM HamiltonianInterpretation of Fock StatesIntroduction to EM Coherent States Definition and Statistics of Coherent States Coherent States as Displaced Vacuum States Quasi-Orthonormality, Closure and Trace for Coherent StatesField Fluctuations in the Coherent State Introduction to Squeezed StatesThe Squeezing Operator and Squeezed StatesSome Statistics for Squeezed StatesThe Wigner DistributionMeasuring the Noise in Squeezed States Review ExercisesFurther Reading MATTER-LIGHT INTERACTIONIntroduction to the Quantum Mechanical Dipole MomentIntroduction to Optical Transitions Fermi's Golden Rule Introduction to the Electromagnetic Lagrangian and Field Equations The Classical Hamiltonian for Fields, Particles and InteractionsThe Quantum Hamiltonian for the Matter-Light InteractionStimulated and Spontaneous Emission Using Fock States Introduction to Matter and Light as Systems Liouville Equation for the Density Operator The Liouville Equation for the Density Matrix with Relaxation A Solution to the Liouville Equation for the Density MatrixGain, Absorption and Index for Independent Two Level Atoms Broadening Mechanisms Introduction to Jaynes-Cummings' ModelThe Interaction Representation for the Jaynes-Cummings' Model The Master EquationQuantum Mechanical Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem Review ExercisesFurther Reading SEMICONDUCTOR EMITTERS AND DETECTORSEffective Mass, Density of States and the Fermi Distribution The Bloch Wave Function Density of States for NanostructuresThe Reduced Density of States and Quasi Fermi LevelsFermi's Golden Rule for Semiconductor DevicesFermi's Golden Rule and Semiconductor Gain The Liouville Equation and Semiconductor GainReview Exercises Further ReadingAPPENDIX 1 REVIEW OF INTEGRATING FACTORS APPENDIX 2 RATE AND CONTINUITY EQUATIONS APPENDIX 3 THE GROUP VELOCITY Simple Illustration of Group VelocityGroup Velocity of the Electron in Free-Space Group Velocity and the Fourier IntegralThe Group Velocity for a Plane Wave APPENDIX 4 REVIEW OF PROBABILITY THEORY AND STATISTICSProbability DensityProcesses Ensembles Stationary and Ergodic ProcessesCorrelation APPENDIX 5 THE DIRAC DELTA FUNCTIONIntroduction to the Dirac Delta Function The Dirac Delta Function as Limit of a Sequence of Functions The Dirac Delta Function from the Fourier TransformOther Representations of the Dirac Delta FunctionTheorems on the Dirac Delta Functions The Principal Part Convergence Factors and the Dirac Delta Function APPENDIX 6 COORDINATE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE SCHRODINGER WAVE EQUATIONAPPENDIX 7 INTEGRALS WITH TWO TIME SCALES APPENDIX 8 THE DIPOLE APPROXIMATION APPENDIX 9 THE DENSITY OPERATOR AND THE BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION

Michael A. Parker