Physical Metallurgy Principles and Design

Physical metallurgy is one of the main fields of metallurgical science dealing with the development of the microstructure of metals in order to achieve desirable properties required in technological applications. Physical Metallurgy: Principles and Design focuses on the processing–structure–properties triangle as it applies to metals and alloys. It introduces the fundamental principles of physical metallurgy and the design methodologies for alloys and processing. The first part of the book discusses the structure and change of structure through phase transformations. The latter part of the books deals with plastic deformation, strengthening mechanisms, and mechanical properties as they relate to structure. The book also includes a chapter on physical metallurgy of steels and concludes by discussing the computational tools, involving computational thermodynamics and kinetics, to perform alloy and process design.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 What is Physical Metallurgy 1.2 The Aim of the Book 1.3 Who Should Read this Book 1.4 Book Structure 1.5 How to Read the Book Chapter 2 Structure of Metals 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Crystalline vs. Amorphous Materials 2.3 The Crystal Lattice 2.4 The Crystal Structure of Metals 2.5 Allotropy 2.6 Crystal Structure Effects 2.7 Solid Solutions 2.8 Intermetallic Compounds and Intermediate Phases 2.9 A First Look at the Microstructure of Alloys 2.10 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Structure 2.11 Synopsis 2.12 Review Questions Chapter 3 Structural Imperfections 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Point Defects 3.3 Linear Imperfections – Dislocations 3.4 Interfaces 3.5 Synopsis 3.6 Review Questions Chapter 4 Alloy Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Free Energy of Pne-component Systems (Pure Metals) 4.3 Free Energy of Solid Solutions 4.4 Chemical Potential and Thermodynamic Equilibrium 4.5 The Gibbs Phase Rule 4.6 Equilibrium Phase Diagrams in Binary Systems 4.7 Examples of Phase Diagrams 4.8 Case study: Solder Alloys – The Pb-Sn Phase Diagram 4.9 Synopsis 4.10 Review Questions Chapter 5 Diffusion 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Diffusion Mechanisms 5.3 Fick’s First Law of Diffusion – The Diffusion Coefficient 5.4 Random Walk and Diffusion 5.5 Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion 5.6 Temperature Dependence of Diffusion 5.7 Thermodynamics and Diffusion 5.8 Substitutional Diffusion 5.9 Irreversible Thermodynamics and Diffusion 5.10 Effects of Diffusion 5.11 Analytical Solutions to the Diffusion Equation 5.12 Numerical Methods – Computational Kinetics 5.13 Synopsis 5.14 Review Questions Chapter 6 Phase Transformations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Nucleation and Growth Transformations (NGT) 6.3 Nucleation 6.4 Growth 6.5 Overall rate of Concurrent Nucleation and Growth 6.6 Coarsening 6.7 Continuous Transformations 6.8 Martensitic Transformations 6.9 Effects of Phase Transformations 6.10 Synopsis 6.11 Review Questions Chapter 7 Plastic Deformation and Annealing 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation 7.3 Deformation of Single Crystals by Slip 7.4 Deformation in Polycrystals 7.5 Strain Hardening 7.6 Mechanical Twinning 7.7 Annealing 7.8 Texture in Polycrystalline Metals 7.9 Synopsis 7.10 Review Questions Chapter 8 Strengthening Mechanisms 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Slip as a Thermally Activated Process 8.3 Overview of Strengthening Mechanisms 8.4 Lattice Resistance 8.5 Solid Solution Strengthening 8.6 Grain Boundary Strengthening 8.7 Precipitation Strengthening 8.8 Implications of Strengthening Mechanisms 8.9 Synopsis 8.10 Review Questions Chapter 9 Fracture, Fatigue and Creep of Metals 9.1 Introduction – Mechanical Behavior of Metals 9.2 Fracture 9.3 Fatigue 9.4 Creep 9.5 Synopsis 9.6 Review Questions Chapter 10 Physical Metallurgy of Steels 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Phases in Steels 10.3 The Fe-C phase Diagram 10.4 Alloying Elements in Steels 10.5 Phase Transformations in Steels 10.6 Hardenability 10.7 Tempering of Martensite 10.8 Heat Treatment of Steel 10.9 Case Studies in Steels 10.10Synopsis 10.11Review Questions Chapter 11 Alloy Design 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Alloyneering Methodology for Alloy Design 11.3 Simulation Framework 11.4 Simulation Examples 11.5 Alloy Design: Medium Mn Steels 11.6 Process Design: Multi-pass Hot Rolling of Steels 11.7 Synopsis Index

Gregory N. Haidemenopoulos has been Professor of Physical Metallurgy and Director of the Laboratory of Materials (LoM) at University of Thessaly, Greece since 1992. His research is concerned with processing-structure-properties in metallic materials, dealing with transformation kinetics in TRIP steels, corrosion-induced hydrogen trapping in aluminum alloys and rolling contact fatigue in rails. More recent research focuses on computational alloy and process simulation with applications in the design of homogenization of extrudable aluminum alloys, the design of medium-Mn steels and the thermomechanical process design of HSLA steels. In addition to teaching and research, Prof. Haidemenopoulos has provided consulting services to industry in the fields of process design, failure analysis, materials selection and corrosion control. Prof. Haidemenopoulos has supervised several PhD students and has earned the University of Thessaly's Mechanical Engineering Departmental Best Teaching Award for the years 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2014, and 2015. He is Member of Editorial Board of The Open Corrosion Journal and International Journal of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, published 10 book chapters, 70 papers in refereed journals, and presented many keynote and invited lectures worldwide. Prof. Haidemenopoulos received his PhD in Metallurgy, MSc in Metallurgy, and MSc in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from MIT.