Physical Chemistry A Modern Introduction, Second Edition

Designed for a two-semester introductory course sequence in physical chemistry, Physical Chemistry: A Modern Introduction, Second Edition offers a streamlined introduction to the subject. Focusing on core concepts, the text stresses fundamental issues and includes basic examples rather than the myriad of applications often presented in other, more encyclopedic books. Physical chemistry need not appear as a large assortment of different, disconnected, and sometimes intimidating topics. Instead, students should see that physical chemistry provides a coherent framework for chemical knowledge, from the molecular to the macroscopic level. The book offers: Novel organization to foster student understanding, giving students the strongest sophistication in the least amount of time and preparing them to tackle more challenging topics Strong problem-solving emphasis, with numerous end-of-chapter practice exercises, over two dozen in-text worked examples, and a number of clearly identified spreadsheet exercises A quick review in calculus, via an appendix providing the necessary mathematical background for the study of physical chemistry Powerful streamlined development of group theory and advanced topics in quantum mechanics, via appendices covering molecular symmetry and special quantum mechanical approaches

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsAuthorGuide for StudentsList of Special ExamplesWorld of Atoms and MoleculesIntroduction to Physical ChemistryTheory and Experiment in Physical ChemistryAtomic and Molecular EnergiesConfigurations, Entropy, and VolumeEnergy, Entropy, and TemperatureDistribution Law DerivationConclusionsPoint of Interest: James Clerk MaxwellExercisesBibliographyIdeal and Real GasesThe Ideal Gas LawsCollisions and PressureNonideal BehaviorThermodynamic State FunctionsEnergy and Thermodynamic RelationsConclusionsPoint of Interest: Intermolecular InteractionsExercisesBibliographyChanges of StatePressure–Volume WorkReversibility, Heat, and WorkEntropyThe Laws of ThermodynamicsHeat CapacitiesJoule–Thomson ExpansionConclusionsPoint of Interest: Heat Capacities of SolidsExercisesBibliographyPhases and Multicomponent SystemsPhases and Phase DiagramsThe Chemical PotentialClapeyron EquationFirst- and Second-Order Phase TransitionsConclusionsPoint of Interest: Josiah Willard GibbsExercisesBibliographyActivity and Equilibrium of Gases and SolutionsActivities and Fugacities of GasesActivities of SolutionsVapor Pressure Behavior of SolutionsEquilibrium ConstantsPhase Equilibria Involving SolutionsConclusions.Point of Interest: Gilbert Newton LewisExercises.BibliographyChemical Reactions: Kinetics, Dynamics, and EquilibriumReaction of Atoms and MoleculesCollisions and TransportRate EquationsRate Laws for Complex ReactionsTemperature Dependence and Solvent EffectsReaction ThermodynamicsElectrochemical ReactionsConclusionsPoint of Interest: Galactic Reaction ChemistryExercisesBibliographyVibrational Mechanics of Particle SystemsClassical Particle Mechanics and VibrationVibration in Several Degrees of FreedomQuantum Phenomena and Wave CharacterQuantum Mechanical Harmonic OscillatorHarmonic Vibration of Many ParticlesConclusionsPoint of InterestExercisesBibliographyMolecular Quantum MechanicsQuantum Mechanical OperatorsInformation from WavefunctionsMultidimensional Problems and SeparabilityParticles with Box and Step PotentialsRigid Rotator and Angular MomentumCoupling of Angular MomentaVariation TheoryPerturbation TheoryConclusionsPoint of Interest: The Quantum RevolutionThe Solvay ConferenceExercisesBibliographyVibrational–Rotational SpectroscopyMolecular Spectroscopy and TransitionsVibration and Rotation of a Diatomic MoleculeVibrational Anharmonicity and SpectraRotational SpectroscopyHarmonic Picture of Polyatomic VibrationsPolyatomic Vibrational SpectroscopyConclusionsPoint of Interest: Laser SpectroscopyExercisesBibliographyElectronic Structure.Hydrogen and One-Electron AtomsOrbital and Spin Angular MomentumAtomic Orbitals and Atomic StatesMolecules and the Born–Oppenheimer ApproximationAntisymmetrization of Electronic WavefunctionsMolecular Electronic StructureVisible–Ultraviolet Spectra of MoleculesProperties and Electronic StructureConclusionsPoint of Interest: John Clarke SlaterExercisesBibliographyAdvanced Texts and MonographsStatistical MechanicsProbabilityEnsembles and ArrangementsDistributions and the Chemical PotentialMolecular Partition FunctionsThermodynamic FunctionsHeat CapacitiesConclusionsPoint of Interest: Lars OnsagerExercisesBibliographyMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyNuclear Spin StatesNuclear Spin–Spin CouplingElectron Spin Resonance SpectraExtensions of Magnetic ResonanceConclusionsPoint of Interest: The NMR RevolutionExercisesBibliographyIntroduction to Surface ChemistryInterfacial Layer and Surface TensionAdsorption and DesorptionLangmuir Theory of AdsorptionTemperature and Pressure Effects on SurfacesSurface Characterization TechniquesConclusionsPoint of Interest: Irving LangmuirExercisesBibliographyAppendix A: Mathematical BackgroundAppendix B: Molecular SymmetryAppendix C: Special Quantum Mechanical ApproachesAppendix D: Table of Integrals.Appendix E: Table of Atomic Masses and Nuclear SpinsAppendix F: Fundamental Constants and Conversion of UnitsAppendix G: Tables.Appendix H: Points of Interest.Appendix I: Atomic Masses and Percent Natural Abundance of Light Elements.Appendix J: Values of ConstantsAppendix K: The Greek AlphabetAnswers to Selected ExercisesIndex

William M. Davis received his BSc (honors) in chemistry from the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, and his MSc and PhD from the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. He taught lecture and laboratory sections of general, physical, and inorganic chemistry at several Canadian universities before moving to Texas to take up a tenure-track position at The University of Texas at Brownsville, where he taught general, physical, inorganic, analytical, organic, and environmental chemistry for 10 years. In 2008, he moved to Texas Lutheran University, where he is currently an Associate Professor and Chair of Chemistry and holds the George Kieffer Fellowship in Science. Dr. Davis’s research interests include application of computational and analytical chemistry techniques to systems of environmental and biochemical interest.