Introduction: Molecules, Energy Levels and Orbitals Introduction to quantum mechanics (photoelectric effect, Schroedinger equation, wavefunctions, particle in a box, barrier tunneling, harmonic oscillator) Atoms: energy levels and atomic spectra, brief outline of the hydrogen atom, orbitals and their occupation by electrons Molecules: bonds, molecular orbital theory, LCAO approximation, sigma and pi bonds, organic (carbon) based bonds, hybridization and single and multiple bonds, ethylene, butadiene Wandervaals bonds structure and polarity Schroedinger equation and modelling approximations/techniques for molecular orbitals Born Oppenheimer approximation, Huckel theory (ethylene, butadiene, benzene) Conjugated molecules and electronic delocalization Small molecules, oligomers, polymers and copolymers Molecular structure and tailoring of the energy levels Optical Properties (interaction of molecules with light) Optical transitions, transition dipole moments, Excited states Absorption spectra, vibronic transitions and the Frank Condon principle Fluorescence, radiative and non-radiative recombinations, stark shift Triplet and singlet state, phosphorescence, Jablonski diagram, Spectra of films and disorder Electronic Properties and Thin Films Conducting polymers, Peierls distortion, charge states, doping and polarons Organic crystals, molecular interactions between molecules in a crystal, order, orbital overlap, band widths, dimers and electronic splitting, Organic semiconductor films, order, disorder, thermodynamics of crystallization, and phase separation in blend films, morphology, three-dimensional organization of molecular, supramolecular and blend films Charge injection, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling vs Schottky thermionic emission Injection limited currents, space charge limited currents Energy level alignment at semiconductor/metal interfaces Charge transport and excited states in organic semiconductor films Fabrication Technology and Manufacturing Processes Deposition techniques for small molecules: evaporation, Organic phase deposition, Deposition techniques for polymers: solution processing (spin coating, ink jet printing, screen printing, roll to roll deposition etc) Patterning: shadow masking, photolithography, soft lithography, self-aligned printing Integration and encapsulation Introduction to scalable manufacturing and industrially relevant process technologies Light Emitting Diodes Device architecture, operation (small molecule and polymer) Internal, external quantum efficiency, Built-in potential, contacts and injection, Power efficiency, Energy level engineering and bilayer devices, multilayer (small molecule) and blend devices (polymers), Singlet/triplet ratio doping, energy transfer (radiative, Forster, Dexter transfer) and electrophosporescence, Degradation mechanisms OLED Displays and Lighting Colour theory, eye sensitivity, trichromatric vision, CIE chromaticity diagram Display colour systems, photometric units, luminous power and device efficiency Passive matrix displays, addressing, fabrication and manufacturing technologies Active matrix AMOLED displays, addressing and driving schemes, fabrication and industrial manufacturing technologies Approaches for delivering colour in OLED displays White OLEDs and lighting Thin Film Transistors Device architectures and operation (polymer and small molecule) Field effect mobilities, materials and film morphology Stacking, alignment, Current equations, charge density, traps, mobility, field dependence, conjugation length, Density of states, hopping, charge trapping Transport in amorphous films, transport in polycrystalline films Structure-property relationship Dielectrics, semiconductors, contacts for TFTS TFTs, Electronics Applications and Manufacturing Processes Active matrix backplanes and E-Paper Pressure sensor arrays Chemical/gas sensor Photodetector arrays Electronics/RFID Organic Solar Cells Device architectures and operation (polymer and small molecules) Single, multilayer and blend devices (small molecule and polymers), charge separation and collection Donor, acceptor materials, morphology, optical design, approaches to high efficiency Tandem devices Photodetectors Large area module design and fabrication (Applications) Manufacturing Processes Dye Solar Cells Device architecture Internal operation of the photoelectrochemical cell Rates, recombination, and Kinetics Materials and their combination (TiO, dyes, electrolytes, catalyst layers) and approaches for high efficiency devices Solid state DSCs Large area module design and fabrication (glass and flexible), parallel, Z, W, monolithic modules (applications) Manufacturing Processes Performance, outdoor, lifetime
