Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB® and Simulink® Models

Carefully structured to instill practical knowledge of fundamental issues, Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB(R) and Simulink(R) Models describes the modeling of optically amplified fiber communications systems using MATLAB(R) and Simulink(R). This lecture-based book focuses on concepts and interpretation, mathematical procedures, and engineering applications, shedding light on device behavior and dynamics through computer modeling. Supplying a deeper understanding of the current and future state of optical systems and networks, this Second Edition: * Reflects the latest developments in optical fiber communications technology * Includes new and updated case studies, examples, end-of-chapter problems, and MATLAB(R) and Simulink(R) models * Emphasizes DSP-based coherent reception techniques essential to advancement in short- and long-term optical transmission networks Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB(R) and Simulink(R) Models, Second Edition is intended for use in university and professional training courses in the specialized field of optical communications.
This text should also appeal to students of engineering and science who have already taken courses in electromagnetic theory, signal processing, and digital communications, as well as to optical engineers, designers, and practitioners in industry.

Preface List of Abbreviations Introduction Historical Perspectives Digital Modulation for Advanced Optical Transmission Systems Demodulation Techniques MATLAB® Simulink® Platform Organization of the Book Chapters Optical Fibers: Geometrical and Guiding Properties Motivations and Some Historical Background Dielectric Slab Optical Waveguides Structure Numerical Aperture Modes of Symmetric Dielectric Slab Waveguides Optical-Guided Modes Cutoff Properties Optical Fiber: General Properties Geometrical Structures and Index Profile The Fundamental Mode of Weakly Guiding Fibers Cutoff Properties Single and Few Mode Conditions Power Distribution and Approximation of Spot Size Power Distribution Approximation of Spot Size r0 of a Step-Index Fiber Equivalent Step-Index (ESI) Description Definitions of ESI Parameters Accuracy and Limits Examples on ESI Techniques General Method Nonlinear Optical Effects Nonlinear Phase Modulation Effects Optical Fiber Manufacturing and Cabling Concluding Remarks Problems References Optical Fibers: Signal Attenuation and Dispersion Introduction Signal Attenuation in Optical Fibers Intrinsic or Material Attenuation Absorption Rayleigh Scattering Waveguide Loss Bending Loss Microbending Loss Joint or Splice Loss Attenuation Coefficient Signal Distortion in Optical Fibers Basics on Group Velocity Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) Transfer Function of Single-Mode Fibers Higher-Order Dispersion Transmission Bit-Rate and the Dispersion Factor Polarization Mode Dispersion Fiber Nonlinearity Advanced Optical Fibers: Dispersion-Shifted, -Flattened, and -Compensated Optical Fibers Effects of Mode Hopping Numerical Solution: Split-Step Fourier Method Symmetrical Split-Step Fourier Method (SSFM) MATLAB® Program and MATLAB® Simulink® Models of the SSFM Modeling of Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Optimization of Symmetrical SSFM Concluding Remarks Appendix Appendix: MATLAB® Program for the Design of Optical Fibers—A Solution to the Mini-Project Design Appendix: Program Listings for the Design of Standard Single-Mode Fiber Appendix: Program Listings for Design of Nonzero Dispersion-Shifted Fibers Appendix: Program Listings of the Split Step Fourier Method with SPM and Raman Gain Distribution Appendix: Program Listings of Initialization File Problems References Overview of Modeling Techniques for Optical Transmission Systems Using MATLAB® Simulink® Overview Optical Transmitter Background of External Optical Modulators Optical Phase Modulator Optical Intensity Modulator Impairments of Optical Fiber Chromatic Dispersion (CD) Chromatic Dispersion as a Total of Material Dispersion and Waveguide Dispersion Dispersion Length Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Fiber Nonlinearity Modeling of Fiber Propagation Symmetrical SSFM Modeling of PMD Optimization of Symmetrical SSFM Optical Amplifiers Optical and Electrical Filters Optical Receiver Performance Evaluation Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) OSNR Penalty Eye Opening (EO) Conventional Evaluation Methods Novel Statistical Methods MATLAB® Simulink® Modeling Platform General Model Initialization File OCSS©: A MATLAB® Simulation Platform Overview System Design Using Software Simulation Optical Communication Systems Simulator: OCSS© Simulation Platform Transmitter Module Optical Fiber Module Receiver Module System Simulation Equalized Optical Communications Systems Soliton Optical Communications Systems Remarks Concluding Remarks References Optical Direct and External Modulation Introduction Direct Modulation Introductory Remarks Physics of Semiconductor Lasers Modeling and Development of Optical Transmitter Conditions for the Laser Rate Equations Power Output and Eye-Diagram Analysis Introduction to Optical External Modulation Phase Modulators Intensity Modulators Phasor Representation and Transfer Characteristics Bias Control Chirp-Free Optical Modulators Structures of Photonic Modulators Typical Operational Parameters Electro-Absorption Modulators Silicon-Based Optical Modulators MATLAB® Simulink® Models of External Optical Modulators Remarks Appendices OCSS Simulation Platform Initial Conditions for Photon Density, S(t) and Carrier Density, N(t) References Advanced Modulation Format Optical Transmitters Introduction Digital Modulation Formats ASK Modulation Formats and Pulse Shaping Return-to-Zero Optical Pulses Phasor Representation of CSRZ Pulses Phasor Representation of RZ33 Pulses Differential Phase Shift Keying Background Optical DPSK Transmitter Generation of Modulation Formats Amplitude–Modulation ASK–NRZ and ASK–RZ Discrete Phase–Modulation NRZ Formats Photonic MSK Transmitter Using Two Cascaded Electro-Optic Phase Modulators Optical MSK Transmitter Using Mach–Zehnder Intensity Modulators: I–Q Approach Single Sideband (SSB) Optical Modulators Optical RZ–MSK Multi-Carrier Multiplexing (MCM) Optical Modulators Spectra of Modulation Formats Generation of QAM Signals Generation Optimum Setting for Square Constellations Remarks Appendix: Structures of Mach–Zehnder Modulator Problems References Direct Detection Optical Receivers Introduction Optical Receivers in Various Systems Receiver Components Photodiodes Detection and Noises Linear Channel Data Recovery Noises in Photodetectors Receiver Noises Noise Calculations Performance Calculations for Binary Digital Optical Systems Signals Received Probability Distribution Minimum Average Optical Received Power Total Output Noises and Pulse Shape Parameters An HEMT-Matched Noise Network Preamplifier Matched Network for Noise Reduction Noise Theory and Equivalent Input Noise Current Trans Impedance Amplifier: Differential and Nondifferential Types Concluding Remarks Appendix: Noise Equations Problems References Digital Coherent Optical Receivers Introduction Coherent Receiver Components Coherent Detection Optical Heterodyne Detection Optical Homodyne Detection Self-Coherent Detection and Electronic DSP Coherent and Incoherent Receiving Techniques Digital Processing in Advanced Optical Communication Systems Digital Signal Processing associated with Coherent Optical Receiver Overview DSP-Assisted Coherent Reception Polarization Multiplexed Coherent Reception: Analog Section DSP-Based Phase Estimation and Correction of Phase Noise and Nonlinear Effects DSP-Based Forward Phase Estimation of Optical Coherent Receivers of QPSK Modulation Format Coherent Receiver Analysis Shot-Noise-Limited Receiver Sensitivity Remarks Problems References EDF Amplifiers and Simulink® Models Introductory Remarks Fundamental and Theoretical Issues of EDFAs EDFA Configuration EDFA Operational Principles Pump Wavelength and Absorption Spectrum EDFAs in Long-Haul Transmission Systems EDFA Simulation Model Amplifier Parameters EDFAs Dynamic Model Amplifier Noises EDFA Simulation Model EDFA MATLAB® Simulink® Model Simulator Design Outline Simulator Design Process Simulator Requirement Simulator Design Assumptions EDFA Simulator Modeling Pump Source Simulink® EDFA Simulator: Execution Procedures Samples of the Simulink® Simulator Concluding Remarks References MATLAB® Simulink® Modeling of Raman Amplification and Integration in Fiber Transmission Systems Introduction ROA versus EDFA Raman Amplification Principles Raman Amplification Coupled Equations Raman and Fiber Propagation under Linear and Nonlinear Fiber Dispersions Propagation Equation SSMF and DCF as Raman Fibers Noise Figure Dispersion Nonlinear Raman Gain/Scattering Schrödinger Equation Fiber Nonlinearities Dispersion Split-Step Fourier Method Gaussian Pulses, Eye Diagrams, and Bit Error Rate Raman Amplification and Gaussian Pulse Propagation Fiber Profiles Gaussian Pulse Propagation Long-Haul Optically Amplified Transmission Concluding Remarks Problems Appendices Raman Amplification and Split-Step Fourier Method: MATLAB® Program Initialization *.m File References Digital Optical Modulation Transmission Systems Advanced Photonic Communications and Challenging Issues Background Challenging Issues Enabling Technologies Digit

Le Nguyen Binh is a technical director at the European Research Center of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. in Munich, Germany. He is the editor, author, and/or coauthor of numerous books, as well as the editor of CRC Press’ Optics and Photonics series.