Open Problems in Mathematics

The goal in putting together this unique compilation was to present the current status of the solutions to some of the most essential open problems in pure and applied mathematics. Emphasis is also given to problems in interdisciplinary research for which mathematics plays a key role.  This volume comprises highly selected contributions by some of the most eminent mathematicians in the international mathematical community on longstanding problems in very active domains of mathematical research. A joint preface by the two volume editors is followed by a personal farewell to John F. Nash, Jr. written by Michael Th. Rassias. An introduction by Mikhail Gromov highlights some of Nash’s legendary mathematical achievements.

The treatment in this book includes open problems in the following fields: algebraic geometry, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, PDEs, differential geometry, topology, K-theory, game theory, fluid mechanics, dynamical systems and ergodic theory,cryptography, theoretical computer science, and more. Extensive discussions surrounding the progress made for each problem are designed to reach a wide community of readers, from graduate students and established research mathematicians to physicists, computer scientists, economists, and research scientists who are looking to develop essential and modern new methods and theories to solve a variety of open problems.

Preface (J.F. Nash, Jr., M.Th. Rassias).- Introduction (M. Gromov).- 1. P Versus NP (S. Aaronson).- 2. From Quantum Systems to L-Functions: Pair Correlation Statistics and Beyond (O. Barrett, F.W.K. Firk, S.J. Miller, C. Turnage-Butterbaugh).- 3. The Generalized Fermat Equation (M. Bennett, P. Mihailescu, S. Siksek).- 4. The Conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer (J. Coates).- 5. An Essay on the Riemann Hypothesis (A. Connes).- 6. Navier Stokes Equations (P. Constantin).- 7. Plateau's Problem (J. Harrison, H. Pugh).- 8. The Unknotting Problem (L.H. Kauffman).- 9. How Can Cooperative Game Theory Be Made More Relevant to Econimics? (E. Maskin).- 10. The Erdos-Szekeres Problem (W. Morris, V. Soltan).- 11. Novikov's Conjecture (J. Rosenberg).- The Discrete Logarithm Problem (R. Schoof).- 13. Hadwiger's Conjecture (P. Seymour).- 14. The Hadwiger-Nelson Problem (A. Soifer).- 15. Erdos's Unit Distance Problem (E. Szemerédi).- 16. Goldbach's Conjectures (R.C. Vaughan).- 17. The Hodge Conjecture (C. Voisin). 

John Forbes Nash, Jr. was Senior Research Mathematician at Princeton University. Professor Nash was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994 and the Abel Prize in Mathematics in 2015 and is most widely known for the Nash equilibrium in game theory and the Nash embedding theorem in geometry and analysis. He was also the recipient of the John von Neumann Theory prize in 1978. Nash's groundbreaking works in game theory, algebraic & differential geometry, non-linear analysis and partial differential equations have provided insight into the factors that govern chance and events inside complex systems in daily life. Moreover, Nash's theories are widely used in economics, computing, evolutionary biology, artificial intelligence, accounting, politics and other disciplines.